1866 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa

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1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections
June 4, 1866 – September 6, 1867[a]
All 193[b][c] seats in the United States House of Representatives
97 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Schuyler Colfax Samuel Marshall
Party Republican Democratic
Leader's seat Indiana 9th Illinois 11th
Last election 147 seats 35 seats
Seats won 144 45
Seat change Decrease 3 Increase 10
Popular vote 2,611,309 1,919,507
Percentage 55.36% 40.69%
Swing Increase 1.89pp[d] Decrease 1.28pp
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Conservative Independent
Last election 9 seats 1 seat[e]
Seats won 2 1[f]
Seat change Decrease 7 Steady
Popular vote 94,455 83,205
Percentage 2.00% 1.76%
Swing Decrease 0.19pp Increase 0.70pp
House election results map. Red represents seats won by the Republicans and blue denotes those won by the Democrats.
Speaker before election

Schuyler Colfax
Republican

 Elected Speaker

Schuyler Colfax
Republican

The 1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections took place between June 4, 1866, and September 6, 1867, to elect the 193 members and seven non-voting delegates of the House of Representatives. The Republican Party retained its majority in the first midterm elections following the end of the American Civil War.

Republicans and Unionists won 147 seats as the National Union Party in elections held in 1864 and 1865.[1] Following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, president Andrew Johnson attempted to lead a political realignment that would enable him to seek re-election. Johnson's supporters held the 1866 National Union Convention at Philadelphia in advance of these elections. Johnson's handling of Reconstruction, especially his veto of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, split the governing coalition between moderate and radical Republicans, and the president's dwindling conservative allies.[2] Pro-Johnson Unionists contested these elections as the Conservative Union Party, while Johnson's opponents were called Republicans or Republican Unionists.[3] Despite the efforts of Johnson's advisors to preserve its independence, the Conservative movement was quickly folded into the Democratic Party, which reemerged as the main opposition to the Republicans in the postwar era.[4]

The elections resulted in a stunning rebuke of the incumbent administration. Johnson's national speaking tour failed to win over the voting public and seriously damaged the president's reputation. Republicans from the border states and the Northern United States won over two-thirds of the seats in the lower chamber, more than enough to override a presidential veto.[5] In Maryland and Missouri, the Republican candidates ran as Radical or Unconditional Unionists.[6] Democrats won most of the remaining seats, while only two districts (Missouri's 3rd and New York's 6th) chose Conservative representatives. Of the former Confederate states holding elections in 1866 and 1867, only the representatives from Tennessee were initially seated; a further eight states held elections following their readmission in 1868.[7]

Results

↓
45 1 3 144
Democratic [g] [h] Republican
State Type Date Total
seats		 Democratic Conservative Republican
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Oregon At-large June 4, 1866 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady
Vermont Districts Sep 4, 1866 3 0 Steady 0 Steady 3 Steady
Maine Districts Sep 10, 1866 5 0 Steady 0 Steady 5 Steady
Indiana Districts Oct 9, 1866 11 3 Increase 1 0 Steady 8 Decrease 1
Iowa Districts Oct 9, 1866 6 0 Steady 0 Steady 6 Steady
Nebraska At-large Oct 9, 1866 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady
Ohio Districts Oct 9, 1866 19 3 Increase 1 0 Steady 16 Decrease 1
Pennsylvania Districts Oct 9, 1866 24 6 Decrease 3 0 Steady 18 Increase 3
West Virginia Districts Oct 25, 1866 3 0 Steady 0 Steady 3 Steady
Delaware At-large Nov 6, 1866
(Election Day)[i]		 1 1 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Illinois Mixed[j] 14 3 Steady 0 Steady 11 Steady
Kansas At-large 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady
Maryland Districts 5 3 Increase 1 0 Steady 1 Decrease 2
Massachusetts Districts 10 0 Steady 0 Steady 10 Steady
Michigan Districts 6 0 Steady 0 Steady 6 Steady
Minnesota Districts 2 0 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady
Missouri Districts 9 0 Decrease 1 1 Increase 1 8 Steady
Nevada At-large 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady
New Jersey Districts 5 2 Decrease 1 0 Steady 3 Increase 1
New York Districts 31 10 Decrease 1 1 Increase 1 20[f] Steady
Wisconsin Districts 6 1 Steady 0 Steady 5 Steady
Late elections (after the March 4, 1867, beginning of Congress)
New Hampshire Districts Mar 12, 1867 3 0 Steady 0 Steady 3 Steady
Connecticut Districts Apr 1, 1867 4 3 Increase 3 0 Steady 1 Decrease 3
Rhode Island Districts Apr 3, 1867 2 0 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady
Kentucky Districts May 4, 1867 9[k] 7 Increase 7 0 Decrease 5 1[l] Decrease 3
Tennessee Districts Aug 3, 1867 8 0 Steady 0 Decrease 4 8 Increase 4
California Districts Sep 6, 1867 3 2 Increase 2 0 Steady 1 Decrease 2
States not yet readmitted
Alabama Districts — 6 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Arkansas Districts August 6, 1866 3 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Florida At-large — 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Georgia Districts — 7 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Louisiana Districts — 5 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Mississippi Districts — 5 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
North Carolina Districts — 7 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
South Carolina Districts — 4 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Texas Districts October 15, 1866 4 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Virginia Districts — 8 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Total[b] 193[c] 45
24.4%		 Increase 10 2
1.0%		 Decrease 7 145
74.6%		 Decrease 3
Popular vote
Republican
 
 55.36%
Democratic
 
 40.69%
Conservative
 
 2.00%
Independent
 
 1.76%
Others
 
 0.19%
House seats
Republican
 
 74.61%
Democratic
 
 23.31%
Conservative
 
 1.03%
Independent Republican
 
 0.52%
Vacancy
 
 0.52%

Maps

Special elections

39th Congress

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[9]
Kentucky 5 Lovell Rousseau Unconditional
Union		 1865 Incumbent resigned July 21, 1866, following his assault on Josiah B. Grinnell.
Incumbent re-elected September 15, 1866.
Unconditional Union hold.
Kentucky 6 Green C. Smith Unconditional
Union		 1863 Incumbent resigned July 13, 1866.
New member elected September 15, 1866.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Andrew H. Ward (Democratic) 89.21%
  • ▌R. R. Carpenter (Unknown) 10.79%
Kentucky 3 Henry Grider Conservative 1861[m] Incumbent died September 7, 1866.
New member elected October 6, 1866.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Elijah Hise (Democratic) 74.32%
  • ▌P. B. Hawkins (Unconditional Union) 25.68%
New York 3 James Humphrey Union 1864 Incumbent died June 16, 1866.
New member elected November 6, 1866.
Democratic gain.

40th Congress

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[10]
Kentucky 3 Elijah Hise Democratic 1866 (special) Incumbent died May 6, 1867.
New member elected August 5, 1867.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Jacob Golladay (Democratic) 76.57%
  • ▌J. R. Curd (Republican) 13.59%
  • ▌W. T. Jackman (Independent) 9.83%
Ohio 2 Rutherford B. Hayes Republican 1864 Incumbent resigned July 20, 1867.
New member elected October 8, 1867.
Independent gain.
Pennsylvania 12 Charles Denison Democratic 1862 Incumbent died June 27, 1867.
New member elected October 8, 1867.
Democratic hold.
Missouri 3 Thomas E. Noell Conservative
Union		 1864[n] Incumbent died October 3, 1867.
New member elected November 5, 1867.
Democratic gain.
New York 21 Roscoe Conkling Republican 1864 Incumbent resigned March 3, 1867.
New member elected November 5, 1867.
Republican hold.

Alabama

Alabama did not hold elections until 1868 during Reconstruction.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Alabama 1 Vacant Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Alabama 2 Vacant Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Alabama 3 Vacant Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Alabama 4 Vacant Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Alabama 5 Vacant Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Alabama 6 Vacant Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.
No election.		 None.

Arkansas

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[10]
Arkansas 1 Vacant Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.
Winner not seated.
  • ▌Green tickY William Byers (Conservative[12]) 79.36%
  • ▌P. Van Patton (Unknown) 17.22%
  • ▌T. M. Jacks (Unknown) 3.43%
Arkansas 2 Vacant Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.
Winner not seated.
  • ▌Green tickY A. W. Hobson (Conservative) 54.50%
  • ▌John H. Askew (Unknown) 39.25%
  • ▌D. H. Moore (Unknown) 4.07%
  • Scattering 2.19%
Arkansas 3 Vacant Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.
Winner not seated.
  • ▌Green tickY Albert C. Greenwood (Conservative) 60.74%
  • ▌James M. Johnson (Union) 30.58%
  • ▌J. E. Bennett (Unknown) 6.65%
  • ▌H. B. Stuart (Unknown) 2.04%

California

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[13]
California 1 Donald C. McRuer Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
California 2 William Higby Republican 1863 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY William Higby (Republican) 52.05%
  • ▌James W. Coffroth (Democratic) 47.95%
California 3 John Bidwell Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY James A. Johnson (Democratic) 50.64%
  • ▌Chancellor Hartson (Republican) 49.36%

Colorado Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[13]
Connecticut 1 Henry C. Deming Republican 1863 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Connecticut 2 Samuel L. Warner Republican 1861 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Connecticut 3 Augustus Brandegee Republican 1863 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Connecticut 4 John Henry Hubbard Republican 1863 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic gain.

Dakota Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Delaware

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[14]
Delaware at-large John A. Nicholson Democratic 1864 Incumbent re-elected.

Florida

Florida did not hold elections until 1868 during Reconstruction.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida at-large Vacant Seat vacant since January 10, 1861.
No election.		 None.

Georgia

Georgia did not hold elections until 1868 during Reconstruction.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Georgia 1 Vacant Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Georgia 2 Vacant Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Georgia 3 Vacant Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Georgia 4 Vacant Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Georgia 5 Vacant Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Georgia 6 Vacant Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Georgia 7 Vacant Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.
No election.		 None.

Idaho Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Illinois

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[14]
Illinois at-large Samuel W. Moulton Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John A. Logan (Republican) 57.93%
  • ▌F. Lyle Dickey (Democratic) 42.07%
Illinois 1 John Wentworth Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Norman B. Judd (Republican) 72.90%
  • ▌M. R. Wallace (Democratic) 27.10%
Illinois 2 John F. Farnsworth Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 3 Elihu B. Washburne Republican 1852 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 4 Abner C. Harding Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Abner C. Harding (Republican) 54.36%
  • ▌John S. Thompson (Democratic) 45.64%
Illinois 5 Ebon C. Ingersoll Republican 1864 (special) Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Illinois 6 Burton C. Cook Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Burton C. Cook (Republican) 66.04%
  • ▌S. H. Harris (Democratic) 33.96%
Illinois 7 Henry P. H. Bromwell Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 8 Shelby M. Cullom Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Shelby M. Cullom (Republican) 56.19%
  • ▌Edwin S. Fowler (Democratic) 43.81%
Illinois 9 Lewis Winans Ross Democratic 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 10 Anthony Thornton Democratic 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Illinois 11 Samuel S. Marshall Democratic 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 12 Jehu Baker Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois 13 Andrew J. Kuykendall Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.

Indiana

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[15]
Indiana 1 William E. Niblack Democratic 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 2 Michael C. Kerr Democratic 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 3 Ralph Hill Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Indiana 4 John H. Farquhar Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
Indiana 5 George W. Julian Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY George W. Julian (Republican) 65.11%
  • ▌Martin L. Bundy (Democratic) 34.89%
Indiana 6 Ebenezer Dumont Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John Coburn (Republican) 54.14%
  • ▌John M. Lord (Democratic) 49.12%
Indiana 7 Daniel W. Voorhees Democratic 1860 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
Indiana 8 Godlove S. Orth Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana 9 Schuyler Colfax Republican 1854 Incumbent re-elected
Indiana 10 Joseph H. Defrees Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Indiana 11 Thomas N. Stilwell Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.

Iowa

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[13]
Iowa 1 James F. Wilson Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Iowa 2 Hiram Price Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Iowa 3 William B. Allison Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Iowa 4 Josiah B. Grinnell Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Iowa 5 John A. Kasson Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Iowa 6 Asahel W. Hubbard Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Asahel W. Hubbard (Republican) 69.98%
  • ▌J. D. Thompson (Democratic) 27.61%
  • ▌G. M. Woodbury (Unknown) 2.41%

Kansas

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[16]
Kansas at-large Sidney Clarke Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Sidney Clarke (Republican) 70.06%
  • ▌C. W. Blair (National Union) 29.94%

Kentucky

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[13]
Kentucky 1 Lawrence S. Trimble Conservative 1865 Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat.
Democratic gain.
Kentucky 2 Burwell C. Ritter Conservative 1865 Incumbent lost re-election.
Winner not seated.
Conservative loss.
Kentucky 3 Elijah Hise Democratic 1866 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Elijah Hise (Democratic) 86.59%
  • ▌George D. Blakey (Republican) 13.41%
Kentucky 4 Aaron Harding Conservative 1861[o] Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY J. Proctor Knott (Democratic) 74.64%
  • ▌Mason C. Taylor (Republican) 20.73%
  • ▌William J. Heady (Conservative) 4.62%
Kentucky 5 Lovell Rousseau Conservative 1865[p] Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Asa Grover (Democratic) 69.26%
  • ▌R. J. Jacobs (Conservative) 23.52%
  • ▌William A. Bulitt (Republican) 7.22%
Kentucky 6 Andrew H. Ward Democratic 1866 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas L. Jones (Democratic) 72.57%
  • ▌W. L. Rankin (Republican) 27.43%
Kentucky 7 George S. Shanklin Conservative 1865 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY James B. Beck (Democratic) 76.10%
  • ▌William Brown (Republican) 13.03%
  • ▌Charles Hanson (Conservative) 10.87%
Kentucky 8 William H. Randall Republican 1863[q] Incumbent retired.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY George M. Adams (Democratic) 51.23%
  • ▌Milton L. Rice (Republican) 48.77%
Kentucky 9 Samuel McKee Republican 1865 Incumbent successfully challenged result.
Republican hold.

Louisiana

Louisiana did not hold elections until 1868 during Reconstruction.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Louisiana 1 Vacant Seat vacant since March 4, 1863.
No election.		 None.
Louisiana 2 Vacant Seat vacant since March 4, 1863.
No election.		 None.
Louisiana 3 Vacant Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Louisiana 4 Vacant Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Louisiana 5 Vacant Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.
No election.		 None.

Maine

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[18]
Maine 1 John Lynch Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Maine 2 Sidney Perham Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Sidney Perham (Republican) 65.34%
  • ▌Nahum Morrill (Democratic) 34.66%
Maine 3 James G. Blaine Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY James G. Blaine (Republican) 64.13%
  • ▌Solyman Heath (Democratic) 35.87%
Maine 4 John H. Rice Republican 1856 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY John A. Peters (Republican) 64.47%
  • ▌George M. Weston (Democratic) 35.53%
Maine 5 Frederick A. Pike Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected.

Maryland

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[19][r]
Maryland 1 Hiram McCullough Democratic 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 2 John Lewis Thomas Jr. Unconditional
Union		 1865 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Maryland 3 Charles E. Phelps Conservative 1864 Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat.
Democratic gain.
Maryland 4 Francis Thomas Unconditional
Union		 1861 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Francis Thomas (Unconditional Union) 52.62%
  • ▌William Omauleby (Democratic) 47.38%
Maryland 5 Benjamin G. Harris Democratic 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.

Massachusetts

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[18]
Massachusetts 1 Thomas D. Eliot Republican 1858 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas D. Eliot (Republican) 84.17%
  • ▌Matthias Elias (Democratic) 15.83%
Massachusetts 2 Oakes Ames Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Oakes Ames (Republican) 79.60%
  • ▌Abijah M. Ide (Democratic) 20.40%
Massachusetts 3 Alexander H. Rice Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Massachusetts 4 Samuel Hooper Republican 1861 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 5 John B. Alley Republican 1858 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Benjamin Butler (Republican) 76.07%
  • ▌William D. Northend (Democratic) 23.93%
Massachusetts 6 Nathaniel P. Banks Republican 1865 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 7 George S. Boutwell Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 8 John D. Baldwin Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John D. Baldwin (Republican) 82.62%
  • ▌William A. Williams (Democratic) 17.38%
Massachusetts 9 William B. Washburn Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 10 Henry L. Dawes Republican 1856 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry L. Dawes (Republican) 66.00%
  • ▌Abijah W. Chapin (Democratic) 34.00%

Michigan

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[18]
Michigan 1 Fernando C. Beaman Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
Michigan 2 Charles Upson Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Michigan 3 John W. Longyear Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Michigan 4 Thomas W. Ferry Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas W. Ferry (Republican) 65.24%
  • ▌John B. Hutchins (Democratic) 34.76%
Michigan 6 Rowland E. Trowbridge Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Michigan 7 John F. Driggs Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John F. Driggs (Republican) 57.80%
  • ▌Julius K. Rose (Democratic) 42.20%

Minnesota

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[18]
Minnesota 1 William Windom Republican 1859 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY William Windom (Republican) 51.84%
  • ▌Richard A. Jones (Democratic) 48.16%
Minnesota 2 Ignatius L. Donnelly Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.

Mississippi

Mississippi did not hold elections until 1868 during Reconstruction.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi 1 Vacant Seat vacant since January 9, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Mississippi 2 Vacant Seat vacant since January 9, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Mississippi 3 Vacant Seat vacant since January 9, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Mississippi 4 Vacant Seat vacant since January 9, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Mississippi 5 Vacant Seat vacant since January 9, 1861.
No election.		 None.

Missouri

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[21]
Missouri 1 John Hogan Democratic 1864 Incumbent lost re-election as a Conservative Unionist.
Radical Union gain.
Missouri 2 Henry T. Blow Radical Union 1862 Incumbent retired.
Radical Union hold.
Missouri 3 Thomas E. Noell Conservative
Union		 1864[s] Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Thomas E. Noell (Conservative Union) 56.49%
  • ▌Albert Jackson (Radical Union) 43.51%
Missouri 4 John R. Kelso Independent
Unionist		 1864 Incumbent retired.
Radical Union gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Joseph J. Gravely (Radical Union) 75.92%
  • ▌John S. Waddill (Conservative Union) 24.08%
Missouri 5 Joseph W. McClurg Radical Union 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri 6 Robert T. Van Horn Radical Union 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Robert T. Van Horn (Radical Union) 52.56%
  • ▌James H. Birgh (Conservative Union) 47.36%
  • ▌L. S. McCoy (Unknown) 0.08%
Missouri 7 Benjamin F. Loan Radical Union 1862 Incumbent re-elected
  • ▌Green tickY Benjamin F. Loan (Radical Union) 73.33%
  • ▌George A. Hawley (Conservative Union) 26.67%
Missouri 8 John F. Benjamin Radical Union 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri 9 George W. Anderson Radical Union 1864 Incumbent re-elected.

Montana Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Nebraska

Nevada held successive elections in 1866 to fill one vacancy in the 38th Congress and elect its representative to the 39th Congress.

39th Congress

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[1]
Nebraska at-large New state New seat.
Republican gain.

40th Congress

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[18]
Nebraska at-large Turner M. Marquett Republican 1866 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.

Nevada

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[18]
Nevada at-large Delos R. Ashley Republican 1865 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Delos R. Ashley (Republican) 54.60%
  • ▌H. K. Mitchell (Democratic) 45.40%

New Hampshire

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[18]
New Hampshire 1 Gilman Marston Republican 1865 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
New Hampshire 2 Edward H. Rollins Republican 1861 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Aaron F. Stevens (Republican) 52.21%
  • ▌Edward W. Harrington (Democratic) 47.79%
New Hampshire 3 James W. Patterson Republican 1863 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Jacob Benton (Republican) 52.43%
  • ▌Harry Bingham (Democratic) 47.57%

New Jersey

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[18]
New Jersey 1 John F. Starr Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY William Moore (Republican) 57.78%
  • ▌Albert H. Slape (Democratic) 42.22%
New Jersey 2 William A. Newell Republican 1864 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
New Jersey 3 Charles Sitgreaves Democratic 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
New Jersey 4 Andrew J. Rogers Democratic 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
New Jersey 5 Edwin R. V. Wright Democratic 1864 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.

New Mexico Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

New York

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[22]
New York 1 Stephen Taber Democratic 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 2 Teunis G. Bergen Democratic 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Demas Barnes (Democratic) 62.50%
  • ▌James A. Van Brunt (Republican) 35.96%
New York 3 Vacant[t] Incumbent died June 16, 1866.
Democratic gain.
New York 4 Morgan Jones Democratic 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
New York 5 Nelson Taylor Democratic 1864 Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent Democrat.
Democratic hold.
New York 6 Henry J. Raymond Conservative 1864 Incumbent retired.
Conservative hold.
New York 7 John Winthrop Chanler Democratic 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John W. Chanler (Democratic) 63.04%
  • ▌George F. Steinbrenner (Republican) 36.96%
New York 8 James Brooks Democratic 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 9 William A. Darling Republican 1864 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
New York 10 William Radford Democratic 1862 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
New York 11 Charles H. Winfield Democratic 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
New York 12 John H. Ketcham Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John H. Ketcham (Republican) 53.63%
  • ▌Casper P. Collier (Democratic) 46.37%
New York 13 Edwin N. Hubbell Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
New York 14 Charles Goodyear Democratic 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
New York 15 John Augustus Griswold Republican 1862[u] Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John A. Griswold (Republican) 60.20%
  • ▌Nathaniel B. Milliman (Democratic) 39.80%
New York 16 Orlando Kellogg Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Orange Ferriss (Republican) 55.76%
  • ▌George V. Hoyle (Democratic) 44.24%
New York 17 Calvin T. Hulburd Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 18 James M. Marvin Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 19 Demas Hubbard Jr. Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
New York 20 Addison H. Laflin Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 21 Roscoe Conkling Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Roscoe Conkling (Republican) 53.01%
  • ▌Palmer V. Kellogg (Democratic) 46.99%
New York 22 Sidney T. Holmes Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
New York 23 Thomas Treadwell Davis Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
New York 24 Theodore M. Pomeroy Republican 1860 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 25 Daniel Morris Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
New York 26 Giles W. Hotchkiss Republican 1862 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
New York 27 Hamilton Ward Sr. Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 28 Roswell Hart Republican 1864 Incumbent lost re-election.
Independent Republican gain.
New York 29 Burt Van Horn Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Burt Van Horn (Republican) 57.20%
  • ▌Harlow L. Comstock (Democratic) 42.80%
New York 30 James M. Humphrey Democratic 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 31 Henry Van Aernam Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Henry Van Aernam (Republican) 66.37%
  • ▌Hanson A. Risley (Democratic) 33.63%

North Carolina

North Carolina did not hold elections until 1868 during Reconstruction.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
North Carolina 1 Vacant Seat vacant since May 20, 1861.
No election.		 None.
North Carolina 2 Vacant Seat vacant since May 20, 1861.
No election.		 None.
North Carolina 3 Vacant Seat vacant since May 20, 1861.
No election.		 None.
North Carolina 4 Vacant Seat vacant since May 20, 1861.
No election.		 None.
North Carolina 5 Vacant Seat vacant since May 20, 1861.
No election.		 None.
North Carolina 6 Vacant Seat vacant since May 20, 1861.
No election.		 None.
North Carolina 7 Vacant Seat vacant since May 20, 1861.
No election.		 None.


Ohio

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[23]
Ohio 1 Benjamin Eggleston Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 2 Rutherford B. Hayes Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 3 Robert C. Schenck Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 4 William Lawrence Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 5 Francis C. Le Blond Democratic 1862 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 6 Reader W. Clarke Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 7 Samuel Shellabarger Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 8 James Randolph Hubbell Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Ohio 9 Ralph P. Buckland Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Ralph P. Buckland (Republican) 52.21%
  • ▌Thomas P. Finefrock (Democratic) 47.79%
Ohio 10 James M. Ashley Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY James M. Ashley (Republican) 53.44%
  • ▌Henry S. Commager (Democratic) 46.56%
Ohio 11 Hezekiah S. Bundy Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Ohio 12 William E. Finck Democratic 1862 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 13 Columbus Delano Republican 1864 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Ohio 14 Martin Welker Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY Martin Welker (Republican) 53.38%
  • ▌James B. Young (Democratic) 46.62%
Ohio 15 Tobias A. Plants Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 16 John Bingham Republican 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌Green tickY John Bingham (Republican) 52.81%
  • ▌Charles H. Mitchner (Democratic) 47.19%
Ohio 17 Ephraim R. Eckley Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 18 Rufus P. Spalding Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 19 James A. Garfield Republican 1862 Incumbent re-elected.

Oregon

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[23]
Oregon at-large James Henry Dickey Henderson Republican 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Rufus Mallory (Republican) 51.37%
  • ▌James D. Fay (Democratic) 48.63%

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Carolina did not hold elections until 1868 during Reconstruction.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 Vacant Seat vacant since December 20, 1860.
No election.		 None.
South Carolina 2 Vacant Seat vacant since December 20, 1860.
No election.		 None.
South Carolina 3 Vacant Seat vacant since December 20, 1860.
No election.		 None.
South Carolina 4 Vacant Seat vacant since December 20, 1860.
No election.		 None.

Tennessee

Elections held late, on August 1, 1867.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 Nathaniel G. Taylor Conservative 1865 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Roderick R. Butler (Republican) 86.82%
  • ▌James White (Conservative) 12.85%
  • ▌James Powell (Republican) 0.33%[24]
Tennessee 2 Horace Maynard Radical 1865 Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 3 William B. Stokes Radical 1865 Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 4 Edmund Cooper Conservative 1865 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 5 William B. Campbell Conservative 1865 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 6 Samuel M. Arnell Radical 1865 Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 7 Isaac R. Hawkins Radical 1865 Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 8 John W. Leftwich Conservative 1865 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.

Texas

Utah Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[32]
Vermont 1 Frederick E. Woodbridge Republican 1863 Incumbent re-elected.
Vermont 2 Justin S. Morrill Republican 1854 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Luke P. Poland (Republican) 72.2%
  • ▌Charles M. Chase (Democratic) 26.2%
Others
Vermont 3 Portus Baxter Republican 1860 Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican hold.
First ballot
  • ▌Portus Baxter (Republican) 46.8%
  • ▌Romeo H. Hoyt (Republican) 28.8%
  • ▌Waldo Brigham (Democratic) 21.7%
  • ▌J. S. Adams (Republican) 1.0%
  • ▌J. H. Woodward (Republican) 0.6%
  • ▌O. G. Wheeler (Republican) 0.5%
Second ballot

Virginia

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Virginia 1 Vacant Seat vacant since March 4, 1863.
No election.		 None.
Virginia 2 Vacant Seat vacant since April 17, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Virginia 3 Vacant Seat vacant since April 17, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Virginia 4 Vacant Seat vacant since April 17, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Virginia 5 Vacant Seat vacant since April 17, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Virginia 6 Vacant Seat vacant since April 17, 1861.
No election.		 None.
Virginia 7 Vacant Seat vacant since March 4, 1863.
No election.		 None.
Virginia 8 Vacant Seat vacant since April 17, 1861.
No election.		 None.

Washington Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

West Virginia

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
West Virginia 1 Chester D. Hubbard Unconditional
Unionist		 1864 Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Republican gain.
West Virginia 2 George R. Latham Unconditional
Unionist		 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
West Virginia 3 Kellian Whaley Unconditional
Unionist		 1863 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.

Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1866.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[36]
Wisconsin 1 Halbert E. Paine National
Union		 1864 Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Wisconsin 2 Ithamar Sloan National
Union		 1862 Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
Wisconsin 3 Amasa Cobb National
Union		 1862 Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Wisconsin 4 Charles A. Eldredge Democratic 1862 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 5 Philetus Sawyer National
Union		 1864 Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.
Wisconsin 6 Walter D. McIndoe National
Union		 1862 (special) Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.

Non-voting delegates

District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates[37]
Arizona Territory at-large John Noble Goodwin Union[v] 1865 Incumbent retired.
Pro-administration hold.[w]
Colorado Territory at-large Allen Alexander Bradford Anti-Statehood 1864 Incumbent retired.
Republican gain.
Others
  • ▌H. Butler (Unknown) 0.64%
  • ▌J. B. Wolf (Unknown) 0.18%
  • ▌Allen A. Bradford (Unknown) 0.00%
  • ▌P. Cooper (Unknown) 0.00%
  • ▌H. C. Hunt (Unknown) 0.00%
  • Scattering 0.00%
  • ▌
Dakota Territory at-large Walter A. Burleigh Conservative[43] 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Idaho Territory at-large Edward Dexter Holbrook Democratic 1864 Incumbent re-elected.
Montana Territory at-large Samuel McLean Democratic 1864 Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
New Mexico Territory at-large J. Francisco Chaves Republican 1865 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Utah Territory at-large William Henry Hooper Democratic 1865 Incumbent re-elected.
Washington Territory at-large Arthur Armstrong Denny Republican 1865 Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Alvan Flanders (Republican) 51.08%
  • ▌Frank Clark (Democratic) 48.92%

See also

Notes

  1. Excludes states readmitted after the start of Congress.
  2. Including late elections.
  3. An additional 50 seats were vacant during Reconstruction.
  4. In comparison to the vote for the National Union coalition in the last election cycle.
  5. Including 1 Independent Unionist, John R. Kelso, from Missouri's 4th congressional district.
  6. Including 1 Independent Republican, Lewis Selye, from New York's 28th congressional district.
  7. 1 vacancy.
  8. 1 Conservative Unionist, 1 Conservative Republican, 1 Independent Republican.
  9. In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
  10. 13 single-member districts and 1 at-large seat.
  11. One seat remained vacant during the 40th Congress.
  12. Not seated until June 22, 1868.[8]
  13. Grider was elected as a Union Democrat in 1861 and re-elected as a Conservative in 1865.
  14. Noell was elected as a Radical Unionist in 1864 and re-elected as a Conservative Unionist in 1866.
  15. Harding was elected as a Union Democrat in 1861 and re-elected as a Conservative in 1865.
  16. Rousseau was elected as a Republican (Unconditional Unionist) in 1865 and became a Conservative during the 39th Congress.[17]
  17. Randall was elected as a Union Democrat in August 1863 and became a Republican (Unconditional Unionist) in December 1863.
  18. Dubin lists the Unconditional Union candidates as Republicans; however, Maryland's Union Party did not change its name to the Maryland Republican Party until April 1867, after these elections.[20]
  19. Noell was elected as a Radical Unionist in 1864 and became a Conservative Unionist during the 39th Congress.[17]
  20. The incumbent Republican James Humphrey died prior to the election.
  21. Griswold was elected as a Democrati in 1862 and re-elected as a Republican (Unionist) in 1864.
  22. Party lines were ambiguous at the time of this election.[38] Goodwin, a Republican,[39] belonged to the governing faction in territorial politics that called itself "Union" or "Independent."[40]
  23. The election was formally nonpartisan. Bashford, a Republican, was elected as an independent candidate by supporters of the territorial government.[41]

References

  1. Dubin 1998, p. 201.
  2. Foner 2014, pp. 219, 264, 251.
  3. Evening Journal Almanac 1868, pp. 47–50.
  4. Foner 2014, p. 266.
  5. Foner 2014, pp. 265, 267.
  6. Baker 1973, pp. 160–61; Parrish 1973, pp. 137, 140–41.
  7. Dubin 1998, pp. 204–09.
  8. Dubin 1998, p. 209n16.
  9. Dubin 1998, p. 202.
  10. Dubin 1998, p. 208.
  11. Parrish 1973, p. 239.
  12. Greeley 1867, p. 22.
  13. Dubin 1998, p. 207.
  14. Dubin 1998, p. 204.
  15. Dubin 1998, pp. 204–05.
  16. Dubin 1998.
  17. Greeley 1867, p. 21; Evening Journal Almanac 1867, p. 36.
  18. Dubin 1998, p. 205.
  19. Dubin 1998, p. 205; Baker 1973, pp. 160–61.
  20. Baker 1973, p. 177.
  21. Dubin 1998, p. 205; Parrish 1973, pp. 137, 140–41.
  22. Dubin 1998, pp. 205–06.
  23. Dubin 1998, p. 206.
  24. "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  25. "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  26. "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  27. "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  28. "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  29. "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  30. "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  31. "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  32. "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  33. "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  34. "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  35. "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  36. "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
  37. Greeley 1867, pp. 70–71; Greeley 1868, pp. 69–70.
  38. Goff 1969, p. 25.
  39. Evening Journal Almanac 1867, p. 44.
  40. Wagoner 1970, p. 77.
  41. Wagoner 1970, pp. 77, 79; Goff 1969, p. 25.
  42. Goff 1969, p. 26.
  43. Lamar 1956, pp. 109–10.
  44. Lamar 1956, p. 112.
  45. Whitney 1893, p. 378n.

Bibliography

Primary sources

Secondary sources

Further reading