Alto do Pina (Lisbon)

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Alto do Pina
Quarter and former civil parish
Fonte Luminosa at the eastern end of
Alameda D.Afonso Henriques
Flag of Alto do Pina
Flag
Coat of arms of Alto do Pina
Coat of arms
Interactive map of Alto do Pina
Alto do Pina is located in Portugal
Alto do Pina
Alto do Pina
Coordinates: 38°44′24″N 9°07′41″W / 38.740°N 9.128°W / 38.740; -9.128
CountryPortugal
Metro areaLisbon
RegionGreater Lisbon
DistrictLisbon
MunicipalityLisbon
Creation7 February 1959
Dissolution8 November 2012
Government
 • TypeCivil parish
 • BodyJunta (executive) and Assembly (deliberative)
 • President
(last, 2009-12)		Fernando Braamcamp (Lisboa com Sentido (PSD-CDS–PP-MPT-PPM)
 • President of the Assembly (last)Diogo da Silva Cunha (PSD)
Area
 • Total
0.84 km2 (0.32 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total
10,333
 • Density12,000/km2 (32,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+00:00 (WET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+01:00 (WEST)
Postal code
1900
Patron SaintsTwelve Apostles[note 1]
Former seatRua Abade Faria, 37
1900-044 Lisboa
Former websitejf-altodopina.pt
Now part ofAreeiro
(UIT Centre)

Alto do Pina (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈaltu ðu ˈpinɐ]) is a Portuguese quarter and former civil parish, located in the municipality of Lisbon. Located in the centre of the city, the former parish territory had a population of 10,333 inhabitants within an area of 0.84 km2. Inside the city, its name is associated mostly with its success in the yearly Marchas Populares contest.

One of the twelve civil parishes created from the administrative reform of the city approved in February 1959 from lands belonging to Beato, Marvila and Penha de França;[2] Alto do Pina would ultimately be merged with the neighbouring São João de Deus parish in the 2012 administrative reforms, to create a new territory named Areeiro.[3][note 2]

Local landmarks include the Fonte Luminosa (Glowing Fountain), where a major rally was held by the Portuguese Socialist Party during the post-revolutionary period of 1975, attacking the influence of the Portuguese Communist Party. Also located in Alto do Pina are the ruins of the vacation house of the consort king of Portugal Ferdinand II.[4]

Toponymy

Alto do Pina's name derives from an old farm estate called Quinta (or Arraial) do Pina, existing between the 18th century and the mid-1930s. It is called such after its owner, according to a document dated 1747, a Tomás de Pina. Leaving no descendents, it later passed to his nephew and in 1764 appears as the property of a Captain João Álvares de Pina e Mello. Its location is described as between the Cabeço de Alperche (Penha de França) and "Monte Coxo" (close to Olaias), near the Ladeira do Pina.[5]

Indeed, in Duarte Fava's cartography from 1807 a road marked at the crest of the hill as "Arrayal do Pina" is visible vertically crossing what is now Rua Cristóvão Falcão in the top-right corner of the map. Later, in Silva Pinto's 1911 depiction, the road is staightened out to become the southern section of Rua Barão de Sabrosa with an considerably sized estate visible, in the same area of smaller edifices in Fava's depictions.[6] A perpendicular road leading westbound to the valley in which Avenida Almirante Reis now travels can be seen in both,[6] which would equate to the aforementioned Ladeira, of which now only remains a small dead-end street (Calçada da Ladeira).[7] Both it and the estate are last seen in the 1940 municipal map, prior to the complete execution of the Alameda project.[6]

The name came to represent the hill as well as the neighbourhoods on the L-shaped slope and crest of what is now the eastern half of Alameda, hence the selection of the civil parish name in 1959.

It must be noted however, a good portion of the area and indeed the one that is most recognised under this name[8] - the Bairro do Alto do Pina - is outside the former freguesia's limits, in territory that belonged to São João, now Penha de França. In fact, under the drawn borders, the aforementioned estate described would be in this territory as it is just South of the border. Simultaneous to this fact, in the area of the former parish, it has lost usage in some parts to other toponyms in the area such as Alameda and Areeiro.

Geography

Alto do Pina is located at the edge of what is traditionally considered central Lisbon, although during its existence as a civil parish, it was part of the 4th Administrative District (bairro administrativo) of the city and therefore grouped with the eastern parishes.[2] Its territory was bordered to the west by São João de Deus, to the north-west by Alvalade, to the north-east by Marvila, to the south-east by São João and to the south by São Jorge de Arroios.[3]

Strictly speaking, it was delimited in Alameda Dom Afonso Henriques to the South; Avenida Almirante Reis, Areeiro and Avenida Almirante Gago Coutinho to the West with a slight detour after the Cintura Line. Its northern/north-eastern border would have been the 3rd circular as per the Urbanization Plan of 1948, but this was never built, and to the south-east on its access to Olaias, though this once again was not executed and therefore crossed Avenida Carlos Pinhão, before reaching Rua Aquiles Machado, Calçada da Picheleira, Rotunda das Olaias and Rua Cristóvão Falcão.[2][3]

Meanwhile, it should be noted, the Bairro do Alto do Pina, effectively the southern arm of the area, in what was formerly São João is roughly situated between Rua Barão de Sabrosa, Avenida Morais Soares and Rua Engenheiro Santos Simões.[8]

Physical geography

Located at one of the north-eastern corners of central Lisbon, as the name suggests it is perched atop a hill, here curved from the south to the north-west of the civil parish territory, with its respective slopes leading into two valleys which consequently mark its territory - the Arroios Valley [note 3] in its south-west corner, to which the inclines concentrate on to form the Alameda in the civil parish; and, the Areeiro Valley (also known at points as Vale da Montanha) to the north and east. This physical feature which in turn leads into the Chelas Valley forms, in its beginning, the basis for Avenida Almirante Gago Coutinho and in its steeper section where the Cintura railway line runs.

Geomorphologically speaking the civil parish is located on the edges of the larger Tagus-Sado meso-cenozoic basin and is present on the Geological Map of Portugal as composed by rocks of a sedimentary nature - "conglomerates, sandstones, biocalcarenites, siltstones and mudstones" - originating in the Miocene epoch. In the more detailed Geological Map of Lisbon, it becomes the notable that the hill in which Alto do Pina is located is composed of several different sedimentary layers, aside its alluvial nature in its two defining valleys.[9][10]

Human geography

The area of the freguesia of Alto do Pina is primarily composed by its homonymous area, Casal Vistoso, as well as parts of the areas of Alameda, Areeiro and Olaias; which can collectively have sub-neighbourhoods present (in portuguese equally called bairros):

Alto do Pina

  • Bairro dos Actores/Atores (Norte/northern section) - Collective name of the two neighbourhoods that sandwich Alameda, of which the northern one belongs to Alto do Pina. The section within the civil parish is framed by Rua Actriz Virgínia to the north, Rua Actor João Rosa, Rua Casimiro Freire and Rua João de Menezes to the east; Alameda to the south and Avenida Almirante Reis to the west.[8] Its name comes from the fact that a good portion of the streets are named after actors, though when it was projected in 1932, there was no intention of an identity being part of a larger plan to expand the city northward.[11] It is notable for its art deco style, typical of its building period.
  • Bairro dos Aliados - Neighbourhood east of Bairro dos Actores and west of Rua Barão de Sabrosa. Constructed on a part of the old Quinta do Bacalhau estate by the Sociedade Bairro dos Aliados, it was planned in the 1910s and executed in the following years. Its name like others in the city are a result of a wave of post-First World War names.[8][11][12]
  • Bairro Capitão H. Galvão (until 1975, Bairro [Municipal] Presidente Carmona) - composed solely of the city block centered around Rua Capitão Henrique Galvão, it is an early attempt as social housing with controlled costs, meant for the families of Lisbon municipal workers, executed 1927-1935. Shortly after the revolution, its name was changed in honour of Captain Henrique Galvão to distance itself from the regime, though the name didn't stick. Due to its size, it is a name disapperaring from the city map and consciousness.[13][14]
  • Bairro da G.N.R./"da Guarda" (ao Alto do Pina) - Mid-20th century buildings, mostly five storeys high, between Rua Barão de Sabrosa and Azinhaga Fonte do Louro, south of Rua Egas Moniz, designed by architect Vasco Regaleira [pt]. Named such after its original composition, families of National Republican Guard officers.[8][14]

Alameda - area directly around the tree-lined Alameda D.Afonso Henriques and prior to the administrative reform, an area shared between four civil parishes.

Areeiro and Casal Vistoso - Areeiro is at the crest of the aforementioned plateau, marked by an originally homonymous square (now Praça Francisco Sá Carneiro) crowning the Avenida Almirante Reis axis and prior to reform was shared with São João de Deus, before they fused into a civil parish of this name.

Olaias

  • Bairro das Olaias (northern half) - located south and southeast of Rua Américo Durão up to the civil parish border and centered on Avenida Engenheiro Arantes e Oliveira. The section of Olaias within the civil parish is also known and was originally marketed as "(Conjunto Habitacional da) Encosta das Olaias". Designed by local architect Tomás Taveira, they follow the contour lines of the territory and are marked by his now-recognisable multi-coloured façades. It was awarded the municipal Prémio Valmor [pt] in 1982.[15]
  • Bairro Portugal Novo - sometimes but rarely still also recognised under the name Monte Coxo[note 4] , an older name toponym falling into disuse, it consists of the group of buildings surrounded by Rua Al Berto and Rua Américo Durão, next to Casal Vistoso and "behind" Avenida Engenheiro Arantes e Oliveira.[8] Originating in the ambitious post-revolution SAAL [pt] housing scheme by the Portugal Novo Cooperative, to resolve the shack problem in the area, with a project drawn by architect Manuel Vicente [pt].[16] Its construction was plagued by several issues leading to an incomplete execution and legalization and by the late 1980s what had been built was entering a state of disrepair and marginalization. In the 1990s, the municipality through their housing company Gebalis sought to complete the implantation of housing areas, although not according to the original plan. The situation worsened in the original neighbourhood and became a situation of growing concern for the municipality, which in the 21st century has tried to take measures to remediate the situation.[17] In 2017, a petition asking for the municipalization of the area was approved for discussion at the municipal assembly[18] and by 2021, the national Council of Ministers announced its regularization[19]. In 2025, the municipality announced a contest for a "New Portugal Novo", with the purpose of urban rehabilitation and resolution of the original neighbourhood's issues.[20] The neighbourhood can effectively be subdivided in three spaces - the central cooperative-era buildings and the 1990s «Bairro(s) Gebalis das Olaias» in the two northernmost blocks and the southernmost corner block. Overall, the neighbourhoods are characterised by considerable diversity and its history, as well as the civil parishes as a whole have made it a base for several municipal and social service institutions.[21]

Demographics

Historical population
of Alto do Pina
Year1960 1970 1981 1991 2001 2011
Pop.12,57010,59413,11012,65410,25310,333
±%—    −15.7%+23.7%−3.5%−19.0%+0.8%
Source: INE[22][23][24][25]

At the time of the last census prior to the administrative reorganization, Alto do Pina had a population of 10,333, a slight growth from the value ten years prior contrary to the city as a whole. In its time as a civil parish, the value fluctuated highly, reaching its peak in the 1981 census.

Politics and Administration

The civil parish created in 1959 had its former seat on Rua Abade Faria no.37, a corner building on the crossing with Rua Egas Moniz. After its extinction in 2012, it continues to be used for local government as a delegation of the new Areeiro civil parish.[26] The name "Alto do Pina" is still noticeable on the façade through some tilework above the door.

In elections, which were run from 1976 at a local level, four parties participated in all ten editions of local elections - PCP (under different coalitions), PS, PPD/PSD and CDS-PP. Although in the first edition the centre-left Socialist Party won the election, from the following election in 1979 onward the civil parish, was won by PSD or a PSD-led coalition. Participation while strong in the late 1970s and 1980s, peaking with a 70 per cent turnout in 1982 in what was one of the most closely contested elections in the civil parish, later fell to under half the electorate by 1993 and revolved close to the half-way mark until its extinction in 2012.

Full summary of local elections for Alto do Pina
Election CDS-PP PPD/ PSD PPM MPT MDP FEPU/ APU/ CDU PS UDP PSR BE PCTP-MRPP GDUPs I/B Turnout
1976 22.40 17.44 FEPU 15.98 36.45 1.02 4.40 2.29 49.48
1979 56.29 APU 20.29 21.97 1.44 65.24
1982 22.50 27.02 APU 20.51 25.72 4.25 70.20
1985 15.05 31.86 APU 20.12 18.05 1.24 3.67 56.62
1989 53.86 39.56 1.65 5.10 51.38
1993 9.29 43.84 43.27 3.30 43.27
1997 54.21 40.00 5.79 48.26
2001 7.82 52.19 31.96 4.57 3.45 49.48
2005 6.89 47.89 8.85 24.69 7.50 4.13 48.67
2009 50.36 7.86 32.76 5.36 3.66 48.96
Source: SGMAI[27][28][29]

Heraldry

The heraldic arms of Alto do Pina were approved in 2004.[30] They consist of «a shield or, with a heraldic fountain between three trusses gules in chief, displayed in a row and a mound vert, firm and shifting from the tip. Mural crown argent of three towers, with the legend in sable "ALTO DO PINA".» The flag consists of a blue field with the arms in its centre.[31]

The heraldic fountain is meant to depict the Fonte Luminosa, treated as the ex-libris of the parish and the mound represents the name "Alto do Pina". The three trusses here are a representation of what are considered to be the three population nuclei of the parish - first, the Bairro dos Actores, Alameda, Avenida Almirante Reis and Areeiro; second Olaias, Avenida Afonso Costa and Casal Vistoso; and thirdly the neighbourhoods originally built as social housing such as Bairro Portugal Novo and Alto da Pina itself.[31]

Heritage

Local landmarks

In the neighbourhood, but not the civil parish

Although this article centres on the civil parish, this list attempts to also mention places of local relevance in the Bairro do Alto do Pina:

  • Church of St.John, the Evangelist (Igreja de São João Evangelista) - Rua Barão de Sabrosa, 21 (Inaugurated late 20th c., adapted from a former cinema, Max-Cine/Cine Oriente, projected by Jacinto Bettencourt and Deolindo Vieira, opened 1931. Former parochial church of São João)[38]
  • Fountain of Alto do Pina (Chafariz do Alto do Pina) - crossing of Rua Sabino de Sousa and Rua 4 de Agosto. (Small 20th c. fountain)[39]

Notes

  1. Until 1 July 1972, the patron saint was Saint Thérèse of the Child Jesus[1]
  2. Save for a small exchange for territorial correction with Beato over the Técnico sporting field. The interactive map on this Wiki already has this change marked on its borders, despite only occurring in the 2012 reform.
  3. Sometimes also referred to as Vale da (Avenida) Almirante Reis after the avenue goes along it.
  4. Which was formerly alternatively known as Quinta do Coxo, da Coxa or Quinta de José Coxo. The name "Quinta do Monte Coxo" appears in mid-century municipal cartography dated 1970.[6]
  5. Shared with the civil parish of São João, now Penha de França
  6. Shared with the civil parish of São João de Deus, with which it fused to become to Areeiro
  7. Shared with the civil parish of Beato

References

  1. "Decreto de Extinção de Paróquias (Decree of extinction of parishes)". Patriarcado de Lisboa. 7 July 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2026.
  2. Ministério do Interior - Direcção-Geral de Administração Pública e Civil (7 February 1959). "Decreto-Lei nº42 112, de 7 de Fevereiro de 1959 in Diário do Governo, I Série, nº32" (PDF). Diário da República. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2026.
  3. Assembleia da República (8 November 2012). "Lei nº56/2012, de 8 de Novembro - Reorganização administrativa de Lisboa in Diário da República, 1.ª série — N.º 216" (PDF). Diário da República. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 January 2026. Retrieved 29 May 2026.
  4. Junta de Freguesia de Alto do Pina. "História da Freguesia". Junta de Freguesia de Alto do Pina. Archived from the original on 7 November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2026.
  5. Martins, Rui (18 August 2023). "As quintas do Vale do Areeiro, memórias de uma Lisboa antiga (Crónica)". A Mensagem de Lisboa. Archived from the original on 15 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2026.
  6. "Lisboa Interativa - Câmara Municipal de Lisboa (WebSIG CML platform), (Cartography by Duarte Fava [1807], Silva Pinto [1911], CML [1940, 1970])". Lxi - Lisboa Interativa (Enable Cartografia and sub-group Cartografia Histórica). Retrieved 7 June 2026.
  7. "Toponímia - Calçada da Ladeira". Câmara Municipal de Lisboa - Revelar Lisboa - Toponímia. Retrieved 7 June 2026.
  8. Lisboa, Município de (5 December 2025). "Aviso n.º 29926-A/2025/2 - Alteração ao Regulamento Municipal do Alojamento Local" (PDF). Diário da República. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 December 2025. Retrieved 29 May 2026.
  9. LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia. "Carta Geológica de Portugal, escala 1:200 000; Carta Geológica do Concelho de Lisboa, escala 1:10 000 (Moitinho de Almeida, based upon cartographic elements from 1940 and 1952])". Geoportal LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (As of access date, click the folder with the "+" in the bar to the right and select the appropriate maps). Retrieved 28 June 2026.
  10. P.R. de Sousa Pinto, Maria João (February 2005). Levantamento Cartográfico de Locais de Pedreiras no Concelho de Lisboa (PDF). Colecção de Estudos Urbanos – Lisboa XXI (in Portuguese). Vol. 5. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa (Municipality of Lisbon) - Pelouro do Licenciamento Urbanístico Reabilitação Urbana, Planeamento Urbano e Planeamento Estratégico. ISBN 972-8877-00-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2026.
  11. Borges Lourenço, Tiago (July–December 2019). "Entre o Desterro e Arroios. O desenvolvimento urbanístico dos bairros do primeiro troço da Avenida Almirante Reis (Avenida dos Anjos)" [From Desterro to Arroios. The urban development of the neighbourhoods around the first section of Almirante Reis Avenue]. Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal (in European Portuguese). II Série (12). Arquivo Municipal de Lisboa: 89–115. doi:10.48751/CAM-2019-12124. ISSN 2183-3176.
  12. Arquivo Municipal de Lisboa. "Documentação referente a diversas ruas do bairro dos Aliados (Description of archived pieces only)". Arquivo Municipal de Lisboa. Retrieved 30 June 2026.
  13. Martins, Rui (14 June 2023). "Crónica - Breve História do Bairro Presidente Carmona". Jornal Público - Iniciativa «Artéria». Archived from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2026.
  14. Lameira, Gisela; Rocha, Luciana; eds (2019). Mapa da Habitação: Guia para uma terminologia específica em Arquitectura habitacional apoiada pelo Estado em Portugal [1910-1974] [Mapping Public Housing: A guide to specific terminology in statesubsidized residential architecture in Portugal [1910-1974]] (in Portuguese). FCT/Universidade do Porto. ISBN 978-989-8527-19-6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2025. Retrieved 29 June 2026.
  15. Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. "Edifícios de Habitação na Av. Engenheiro Arantes e Oliveira, 4-4A". Município de Lisboa - Informações e Serviços - Directório (in European Portuguese).
  16. Massano, Rita (2 May 2024). ""Reminiscência: O caso do Bairro Portugal Novo" [Dissertação de Mestrado]". Repositório da Universidade da Beira Interior. Retrieved 30 June 2026.
  17. Martins, Rui (11 September 2021). "(Breve) História do Bairro Portugal Novo". Jornal Observador. Although it is in the paper's opinion section, the article presents itself as a column, having several references at the end .
  18. "Relatório da Petição nº20/2017" (PDF). 5ª Comissão Permanente de Habitação Bairros Municipais e Desenvolvimento Local. Assembleia Municipal de Lisboa. 11 July 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2026.
  19. Conselho de Ministros - XXII Governo Constitucional. "Conselho de Ministros define regularização dos bairros Portugal Novo, Bairro Horizonte, AMLisboa Nova e Liberdade". República Portuguesa - XXII Governo Constitucional (portugal.gov.pt). Archived from the original on 30 June 2026. Retrieved 30 June 2026.
  20. Ordem dos Arquitectos - Secção Regional Sul. ""Novo Portugal Novo" (and respective attached documents)". Ordem dos Arquitectos - Secção Regional Sul - Encomenda platform. Retrieved 30 June 2026.
  21. Figueiredo, Rute (2010). "Bairro da Quinta do Bacalhau / Bairro SAAL da Quinta do Bacalhau / Bairro da Cooperativa de habitação Económica Portugal Novo". SIPA - Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico (monumentos.gov.pt).
  22. Instituto Nacional de Estatística (July 1964). "X Recenseamento Geral da População no Continente e Ilhas Adjacentes (às 0 horas de 15 de Dezembro de 1960). Tomo 1, Volume 1.º Prédios e Fogos; População - Dados Retrospectivos - Distritos, Concelhos e Freguesias". INE - Instituto Nacional de Estatística - Statistics Portugal. Retrieved 7 June 2026.
  23. Instituto Nacional de Estatística (1971). "11º Recenseamento da População - Continente e Ilhas Adjacentes 1970 (Dados Preliminares),". INE - Statistics Portugal. Retrieved 7 June 2026.
  24. Instituto Nacional de Estatística (February 1984). "XII Recenseamento Geral da População / II Recenseamento Geral da Habitação - Resultados Definitivos 1981 - Distrito de Lisboa". INE - Statistics Portugal.
  25. "População residente (N.º) por Local de residência (à data dos Censos 2001); Decenal, [values for 1991 e 2001]". INE - Statistics Portugal. 15 May 2007.
  26. Areeiro, Junta de Freguesia do. "Contactos". Junta de Freguesia do Areeiro. Archived from the original on 15 February 2026. Retrieved 29 May 2026.
  27. "Administração Eleitoral > Eleições e Referendos > Autarquias Locais". Secretaria-Geral do Ministério de Administração Interna. Archived from the original on 16 February 2026. Retrieved 8 June 2026.
  28. Secretariado Técnico dos Assuntos para o Processo Eleitoral (16 December 2001). "Autárquicas 2001 - Resultados Finais (Alto do Pina - Assembleia de Freguesia)". SGMAI - Eleições Autárquicas 2001. Retrieved 29 May 2026.
  29. Direcção-Geral do Ministério da Administração Interna (11 October 2009). "Eleições Autárquicas 2009 - Resultados Finais". Autárquicas 2009. Retrieved 29 May 2026.
  30. Junta de Freguesia do Alto do Pina (2 July 2004). "Edital - Brasão, bandeira e selo em branco in Diário da República III Série nº154 de 2 de Julho de 2004 pg.14 738 [67]" (PDF). Diário da República Electrónico. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2026. Retrieved 28 June 2026.
  31. Horta, A.S.; Brito, E. (12 October 2020). "Símbolos heráldicos: Brasão, bandeira e selo - Freguesia do Areeiro, Lisboa" (PDF). Junta de Freguesia do Areeiro. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2026.
  32. "Creche do Alto do Pina / Casa dos Plátanos". SIPA - Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico - monumentos.gov.pt. Archived from the original on 3 March 2026. Retrieved 7 June 2026.
  33. "Valências - Igreja dos Santos Doze Apóstolos e da sua Rainha". Fundação «A Caridade». Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2026.
  34. "Decreto de Extinção de Paróquias (Decree of extinction of parishes)". Patriarcado de Lisboa. 7 July 2011. Archived from the original on 16 April 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2026.
  35. "Jardim da Alameda Dom Afonso Henriques - Fonte Monumental da Alameda". Câmara Municipal de Lisboa - Directório de Contactos - Informações e Serviços. Retrieved 7 June 2026.
  36. "Monumento a Francisco Sá Carneiro". Câmara Municipal de Lisboa - Directório de Contactos - Informações e Serviços. Retrieved 7 June 2026.
  37. Martins, Rui (17 April 2021). "O misterioso palacete do Areeiro". A Mensagem de Lisboa. Archived from the original on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2026.
  38. Martins, Maria João (16 January 2021). "Penha de França e Alto do Pina. História de uma rivalidade muito antiga". A Mensagem de Lisboa. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2026.
  39. "Chafariz do Alto do Pina". SIPA - Sistema de Informação de Património Arquitectónico - monumentos.gov.pt. Archived from the original on 27 November 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2026.