Balaban & Katz

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Balaban and Katz Theater Corporation
TypeFormer subsidiary
IndustryMovie theaters
Founded1916 Edit this on Wikidata
FoundersA. J. Balaban
Sam Katz
Headquarters
Chicago
Parent
Websitewww.balabanandkatz.com (defunct)
The Chicago Theatre, a city landmark

Balaban and Katz Theater Corporation, or B&K, was a theatre corporation which owned a chain of motion picture theaters in Chicago and surrounding areas.

History

Balaban and Katz Theatre corporation started in 1916 in Chicago by A. J. Balaban and his brother-in-law Sam Katz (1892-1961).[1]

It held its first meeting as a Delaware corporation on January 21, 1925. It merged with Lubliner and Trinz in July 1925.[2] Famous Players–Lasky Corporation, forerunner of Paramount Pictures, bought a controlling interest in Balaban and Katz Corporation in 1926. It became a part of United Paramount Theatres in 1948 after Paramount was forced to sell off its theaters.

The company also held at the Paramount Pictures-Theaters split in 1949: WBKB (TV), WIBK (FM), 25% of WSMB New Orleans, 50% of a company applying for an Atlanta AM license, 10% of another licensee apply for a license in Hot Springs, and television applications for Detroit, Boston, Tampa, and Des Moines. Balaban & Katz became a subsidiary of United Paramount Theatres, Inc. (UPT).[3]

UPT merged with American Broadcasting Company in 1953. The company tore down the Garrick Theater in 1960 and 1961 over the objections of Richard Nickel and other preservationists.[4] The company was officially dissolved as an Illinois corporation on July 31, 1970.

Theaters

Balaban and Katz chose to build their theaters (many designed by famous architects Rapp and Rapp) in rapidly growing outlying districts, convenient for the middle class population which provided the bulk of their patrons, as well as in downtown Chicago. The company is notable for being the first to offer air conditioning in its theaters and for including lavish stage shows. Balaban and Katz operated over a hundred theaters in the midwestern United States. There were more than 50 Chicago-area theaters operated by the Balaban and Katz company including:

North: Belmont,[5] Century/Diversey Theatre, Cine, Covent, Granada, Howard, Lakeside, Northshore, Nortown, Pantheon, Riviera,[6] and Uptown.[7][8][9]

Northwest: Admiral, Alba, Belpark, Biltmore, Congress, Crystal, Drake, Gateway Theatre, Harding, Luna, Portage, Terminal, and Will Rogers.

South, Maryland, Regal,[10] Southtown,[11] Tivoli,[12][13][14] and Tower.

West: Central Park, Iris, Manor, Marbro,[15] Paradise, Senate, and State.

Loop: Apollo, Chicago,[16][17] Garrick, Oriental,[18] Roosevelt,[19] and United Artists.[20]

Suburban Chicago: Berwyn, Coronet, La Grange, Park, Valencia (Evanston), and Varsity (Evanston).

Waukegan: Academy

Sam Katz, a vice president at Balaban and Katz, became president of The Publix theaters group, a division of Famous Players Lasky. Its secretary, Barney Balaban, eventually became president of Paramount Pictures. Beginning in 1939, Balaban and Katz, along with parent company Paramount, was involved in the early development of the television broadcasting industry. The company owned several experimental television licenses, and in 1943 began broadcasting over WBKB (now WBBM-TV), the first commercial television station in Chicago.[21]

Whenever Balaban and Katz decided that murals would become part of the interior design scheme, they would commission painter and muralist Louis Grell of Chicago to execute them. Grell painted murals inside the Chicago Theater, Gateway Theater, Uptown Theater and many Paramount Theaters across the midwest and America for Balaban and Katz.

The trademark for the company is owned by a historical foundation called the Balaban and Katz Historical Foundation. The foundation was founded by descendants of the original Balaban brothers. Its collection of B and K corporate documents is located in New Jersey. Theatre Historical Society, in Elmhurst, Illinois, maintains an extensive collection of architectural blueprints and large-format pictures of many Balaban and Katz theaters. In 2006, a documentary, Uptown: Portrait of a Palace, featured one of Balaban and Katz's most famous theaters, the Uptown. 2006 also saw the publication of a book on many of the B&K theatres, titled The Chicago Movie Palaces of Balaban and Katz, written by David Balaban with a foreword by theater historian Joseph DuciBella and published by Arcadia Publishing.

See also

Notes

  1. Klingsporn, Geoffrey (2005). "Balaban & Katz". The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved October 31, 2012.
  2. Balaban, David (2006). The Chicago Movie Palaces of Balaban and Katz. Arcadia. ISBN 9780738539867.
  3. "Paramount; radio, video interests definitely split" (PDF). Broadcasting - Telecasting. March 7, 1949. p. 66. Retrieved April 7, 2015. WBKB (TV) Chicago, licensed to the Paramount subsidiary Balaban & Katz, will go to a firm to be known as New Theatre Co.". New Theatre Co. would later be formally named as United Paramount Theatres
  4. Landmark Designation Report - Richard Nickel Studio (PDF) (Report). April 1, 2010. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  5. "Belmont Theater". JazzAge Chicago. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  6. "Rivera Theater". JazzAge Chicago. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  7. "Uptown Theater". JazzAge Chicago. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  8. Reel, Rob (August 18, 1925). "Uptown, World's Largest And Finest, Opens". Chicago Evening American. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  9. Campbell-Duncan. H. (August 18, 1925). "5,000 Guests See Splendors of New Theater-Balaban & Katz Inaugurate Huge House with Private View". Chicago Evening Post. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  10. "Regal Theater". JazzAgeChicago. Archived from the original on May 26, 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  11. "Southtown Theater". JazzAgeChicago. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  12. Hecht, Ben (February 17, 1921). "Crowds Storm Opening of New Tivoli Theater". Chicago Daily-News. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  13. "New Tivoli Called "Finest Theatre"-Balaban and Katz's $2,000,000 Masterpiece Opens". Variety. February 25, 1921. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  14. "Tivoli Theater". JazzAgeChicago. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  15. "Marbro Theater". JazzAgeChicago. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  16. "Chicago Theater". JazzAgeChicago. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  17. "New Chicago Film Palace Opening Draws Great Throngs". Billboard. November 5, 1921. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  18. "Oriental Theater". JazzAgeChicago. Archived from the original on May 11, 2008. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  19. "Roosevelt Theater". JazzAgeChicago. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  20. "United Artists Theater". JazzAgeChicago. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
  21. "Chicago Television- WBKB Channel 4". www.chicagotelevision.com. Retrieved June 14, 2018.

References