| Chiquimulilla | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Guatemala |
| Region | Chiquimulilla |
| Ethnicity | Xinca people |
| Extinct | 1970s fully in 1996, with the death of Julian de la Cruz, the last semi-speaker[1] Few remembers exist |
Xincan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | (covered by Xinca xin) |
| Glottolog | xinc1242 |
| ELP | Chiquimulilla Xinka |
Chiquimulilla Xinca is an extinct Xincan language of Guatemala, from the region of Chiquimulilla.
History
Chiquimulilla Xinca was formerly spoken by Xinca people on the Pacific coast of Guatemala. The language suffered a sharp decline in speakers during the 20th century. As of 2010 the language is extinct but there are elderly people who remember the language.[2]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Post- | Retroflex | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | sibilant | |||||||
| Stop/ | plain | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | ʔ | ||
| ejective | pʼ | tʼ | t͡sʼ | t͡ʃʼ | kʼ | |||
| voiced | b | (d) | (ɡ) | |||||
| Fricative | ɬ | s | ʂ | h | ||||
| Nasal | plain | m | n | |||||
| glottalized | mʼ | nʼ | ||||||
| Approximant | plain | l | j | w | ||||
| glottalized | lʼ | jʼ | wʼ | |||||
| Trill | plain | r | ||||||
| glottalized | rʼ | |||||||
Vowels
The Xincan languages all have 6 vowels.[3]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | ɨ ɨː | u uː |
| Close-mid | e eː | o oː | |
| Open | a aː |
References
- Frauke Sachse (2010) Reconstructive Description of Eighteenth-century Xinka Grammar. PdD dissertation, University of Leiden
- "Did you know Chiquimulilla Xinka is awakening?". Endangered Languages. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
- Rogers, Christopher (2010). A comparative grammar of Xinkan. University of Utah.
- Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.