Faunal emblem

☆ Save On Wikipedia ↗

National animals are important symbols that represent a country's cultural identity, heritage, and natural environment. National animals are typically chosen for qualities, such as strength, courage, or resilience, and they reflect the values or historical, mythological and cultural significance of a nation.[1][2][3] Recognition of a national animal is typically formalized through legislation or an official document by which the community or collectivity operates.[4]

The use of national animals goes back to ancient totemism. According to Émile Durkheim, totemism involves the veneration of a totemic animal as sacred, which also serves to organize social structures within the clan. Members of the clan are believed to embody the attributes of their totemic animal. Animals are typically chosen over plants or rocks because of the natural relationship between humans and animals, especially in economic life. Some of these dynamics persist in the concept of national animals.[3]

National animals can be determined through both bottom-up and top-down approaches, that is, can be created, imported, or inherited. The characteristics of the national animal are altered to portray the self-perception of the nation. They symbolize and uphold the ideal shared values of the country's population.[3] The country's other national symbols, such as the coat of arms and currency, usually bear the national animal.[2]

National animals

Country Name of animal Scientific name[a] Picture Ref.
 AfghanistanSnow leopard (national animal)Panthera uncia[5]
Abyssinian cat (national cat)(a breed of)
Felis catus		[6]
 AlgeriaFennec fox (national animal)Vulpes zerda
[7]
 Antigua and BarbudaEuropean fallow deer (national animal)Dama dama
 [8]
Frigate (national bird)Fregata magnificens
[8]
Hawksbill turtle (national sea creature)Eretmochelys imbricata
[8]
 Argentina Rufous hornero (national bird) Furnarius rufus
[9]
 ArmeniaGolden eagle (national bird)Aquila chrysaetos
 AustraliaRed kangaroo (national animal) Macropus rufus
[10]
Emu (national bird)Dromaius novaehollandiae
[11]
 AustriaAustrian Bundesadler (heraldic "Federal Eagle")Mythical[12]
 Azerbaijan Karabakh horse (national horse) Equus caballus
[13]
 BahamasBlue marlin (national fish)Makaira nigricans
[14]
Flamingo (national bird)Phoenicopterus ruber
[14]
 BangladeshBengal tiger (national animal)Panthera tigris tigris
[15]
Magpie robin (national bird)Copsychus saularis
Ilish (national fish)Tenualosa ilisha
 BelgiumLeo Belgicus (heraldic "Belgic lion")Mythical[16]
 BelizeBaird's tapir (national animal)Tapirus bairdii
[17]
Keel-billed toucan (national bird)Ramphastos sulfuratus
[18]
 BhutanDruk (national mythical creature)Mythical[19]
Takin (national animal)Budorcas taxicolor[20]
 BotswanaPlains zebra (national animal)Equus quagga
[21]
 BrazilRufous-bellied thrush (national bird)Turdus rufiventris
[22]
 CambodiaKouprey (national mammal)Bos sauveli
[23]
Giant ibis (national bird)Pseudibis gigantea
[23]
Northern river terrapin (national reptile)Batagur baska
[23]
Giant barb (national fish)Catlocarpio siamensis
[23]
 CanadaNorth American beaver (national animal)Castor canadensis
[24][25]
Canadian horse (national horse)Equus ferus caballus
[24][26]
 ChinaChinese dragon (national mythical creature)Mythical[27]
Giant panda (national animal)Ailuropoda melanoleuca[28]
Red-crowned crane (national bird)Grus japonensis[29]
 Democratic Republic of the CongoOkapi (national animal)Okapia johnstoni[30]
 ColombiaAndean condor (national bird)Vultur gryphus
[31]
 Costa RicaYigüirro (national bird)Turdus grayi
[32]
White-tailed deer (national animal)Odocoileus virginianus
[32]
West Indian manatee (national aquatic animal)Trichechus manatus
[32]
Two-toed sloth (national animal)Choloepus hoffmanni
[33]
Three-toed sloth (national animal)Bradypus variegatus
[33]
 CroatiaPine marten (national animal)Martes martes
[34][35]
 CubaCuban trogon (national bird)Priotelus temnurus
[36]
 CyprusCypriot mouflon (national animal)Ovis orientalis
[37]
 Czech RepublicDouble-tailed lionMythical
[38]
 DenmarkRed squirrel (national mammal)Sciurus vulgaris
[39]
Mute swan (national bird)Cygnus olor
[39]
Small tortoiseshell (national butterfly)Aglais urticae
[39]
 DominicaSisserou parrot (national bird)Amazona imperalis
[40]
 EgyptSteppe eagle (national bird)Aquila nipalensis
[41]
 EritreaArabian camel (national animal)Camelus dromedarius
[43]
 EthiopiaLion (national animal)Panthera leo
[44][45]
EstoniaWolf (national animal)Canis lupus
Loup_gris_(Canis_lupus_)
Loup_gris_(Canis_lupus_)
[46]
Barn swallow (national bird)Hirundo rustica
Barn_swallow_in_Montezuma_(150)
Barn_swallow_in_Montezuma_(150)
[46]
Baltic herring (national fish)Clupea harengus membras
Silakka
Silakka
[46]
Swallowtail (national butterfly)Papilio machaon
Papilio_machaon_Mitterbach_01
Papilio_machaon_Mitterbach_01
[46]
 FinlandBrown bear (national animal)Ursus arctos
[47]
Whooper swan (national bird)Cygnus cygnus
[47]
European perch (national fish)Perca fluviatilis
[47]
Seven-spot ladybird (national insect)Coccinella septempunctata
 [47]
 France Gallic rooster (national bird) Gallus gallus domesticus
[48]
 GabonBlack pantherPanthera pardus
[49]
 GambiaSpotted hyenaCrocuta crocuta
 [50]
 GermanyBundesadler (heraldic "Federal Eagle")Mythical
[51][52]
 GrenadaGrenada dove (national bird)Leptotila wellsi
[53]
 GuatemalaResplendent quetzal (national bird)Pharomachrus mocinno
[54]
 HondurasWhite-tailed deer (national animal)Odocoileus virginianus
[55]
Scarlet macaw (national bird)Ara macao
[56]
 HungaryTurul (national mythical creature)Mythical (most probably Falco cherrug)[57]
 Iceland GyrfalconFalco rusticolus
[58]
 IndiaBengal tiger (national animal)Panthera tigris tigris
[59]
Indian peafowl (national bird)Pavo cristatus
[60]
Ganges river dolphin (national aquatic animal)Platanista gangetica
[61]
Indian elephant (national heritage animal)Elephas maximus indicus
[62]
 IndonesiaKomodo dragon (national animal)Varanus komodoensis
[63]
Javan hawk-eagle (national bird)Nisaetus bartelsi
[63]
Asian arowana (national fish)Scleropages formosus
[63]
 Iran Asiatic lion (national animal) Panthera leo persica
[64]
Persian Leopard (national animal) Panthera pardus saxicolor
[65][66]
 Iraq Chukar partridge (National bird) Alectoris chukar
[67]
Goat
(National animal, KRG)		 Capra aegagrus
[68]
 Ireland Mountain HareLepus timidus
[69]
 IsraelEurasian hoopoe (national bird)Upupa epops
[70]
Palestine viper (national snake) Daboia palaestinae
Canaan dog (national dog) Canis familiaris
Common black scorpion (national scorpion) Nebo hierichonticus
Mountain Gazelle (national animal) Gazella gazella
 Italy Italian wolf Canis lupus italicus [71][72]
 JamaicaRed-billed streamertail (national bird)Trochilus polytmus
[73]
 JapanGreen pheasant (national bird)Phasianus versicolor
[74]
Koi (national fish)Cyprinus carpio
[75]
 KenyaLion (national animal)Panthera leo
[44]
 LatviaWhite wagtail (national bird)Motacilla alba
[56]
Two-spotted ladybird (national insect)Adalia bipunctata
[56]
 LebanonStriped hyena (national animal)Hyaena hyaena
[76]
 LithuaniaWhite stork (national bird)Ciconia ciconia
[77]
 MadagascarZebu (in Malagasy heraldry)Bos primigenius indicus
[78]
Ring-tailed lemur (national animal)Lemur catta
[79]
 MalaysiaMalayan tiger (national animal) Panthera tigris
[80]
 MauritiusDodo (national bird)Raphus cucullatus
[30][81][82]
 MexicoGolden eagle (national bird and animal)Aquila chrysaetos
 [83]
Xoloitzcuintli (national dog)(a breed of)
Canis lupus familiaris
[83]
Jaguar (national mammal)Panthera onca
 [83]
Grasshopper (national arthropod )Sphenarium purpurascens
 [83]
Vaquita (national marine mammal)Phocoena sinus
 [83]
 MoldovaAurochs (national animal)Bos primigenius
[84]
 MongoliaPrzewalski's horse (national animal)Equus ferus przewalskii
[85]
Saker falcon (national bird)Falco cherrug
[86][87]
Gobi bear (national pride animal) Ursus arctos gobiensis
[88]
 MoroccoBarbary lion (national animal)Panthera leo leo[51]
  Nepal Cow (national animal) Bos indicus
[89]
Himalayan monal (national bird) Lophophorus impejanus
 NetherlandsLion (heraldic symbol)Panthera leo
[90]
Black-tailed godwit (national bird)Limosa limosa
[91]
 New ZealandKiwi (national bird)Apteryx sp.[92]
 NicaraguaTurquoise-browed motmot (national bird)Eumomota superciliosa
[93]
 Nigeria Eagle
 Accipitridae
[94]
Black Crowned Crane (national bird) Balearica pavonina
[94]
 North KoreaQianlima (national animal)Mythical
[95][96][97]
Pungsan dog (national dog)Canis familiaris
[98]
Korean magpie (national bird)Pica serica
[99]
 NorwayEurasian Elk/Moose (national animal)Alces alces
[100]
Lion (royal national animal)Panthera leo
[101]
White-throated dipper (national bird)Cinclus cinclus
[102]
Fjord horse (national horse)Equus ferus caballus
[103]
 PakistanMarkhor (national animal)Capra falconeri
[104]
Indus river dolphin (national aquatic mammal)Platanista minor
[104]
Chukar (national bird)Alectoris chukar
[104]
Mugger crocodile (national reptile)Crocodylus palustris
[104]
Shaheen falcon (heritage bird)Falco peregrinus peregrinator
[105]
Snow leopard (national predator)Panthera uncia
[104]
 PanamaHarpy eagle (national bird)Harpia harpyja
[106]
 PeruVicuña (national animal)Vicugna vicugna
[107]
Andean cock-of-the-rock (national bird)Rupicola peruviana
[108]
 Philippines Carabao (national animal) Bubalus bubalis
[109]
Philippine eagle (national bird)Pithecophaga jefferyi
[110]
 PolandWhite-tailed eagle (national bird)Haliaeetus albicilla[111][112]
White stork (national bird)Ciconia ciconia[113]
European bison (national animal)Bison bonasus[114][115]
 PortugalDragon (traditional coat of arms / national animal)Mythical[116][117][118]
Cock of Barcelos (national bird)Mythicalsans cadre[119]
Iberian Wolf (national animal)Canis lupus signatus[119]
 QatarArabian oryx (national animal)Oryx leucoryx
[120]
 RomaniaEurasian LynxLynx lynx[121]
 RussiaEurasian brown bear (national animal)Ursus arctos arctos
[122]
Double-headed eagle (traditional coat of arms)Mythical
[123]
 Saint Kitts and NevisBrown pelican (national bird)Pelecanus occidentalis
[124]
 Saint LuciaSaint Lucia amazon (national bird)Amazona versicolor
[125]
 Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSaint Vincent amazon (national bird)Amazona guildingii
[126]
 Saudi ArabiaArabian camel (national animal)Camelus dromedarius
[127]
 SerbiaWolf (national animal)Canis lupus lupus
[128]
White eagle (traditional coat of arms)Mythical
[129]
 Sierra LeoneChimpanzee (national animal)Pan troglodytes
[130]
 SingaporeLion (national animal)Panthera leo
[44]
 SomaliaLeopard (national animal)Panthera pardus[131]
 South AfricaSpringbok (national animal)Antidorcas marsupialis
[132]
Blue crane (national bird)Anthropoides paradiseus
[133]
Galjoen (national fish)Dichistius capensis
[134]
 South KoreaSiberian tiger (national animal)Panthera tigris altaica
[135]
 South SudanAfrican fish eagle (national bird)Haliaeetus vocifer
[136]
 SpainBull (national animal)Bos taurus
[137]
 Sri LankaGrizzled giant squirrel (national animal)Ratufa macroura
[44]
Sri Lankan junglefowl (national bird)Gallus lafayettii
[138]
 SudanSecretarybird (national bird)Sagittarius serpentarius
[139]
 SwedenEurasian Elk/Moose (national animal)Alces alces
[51]
Eurasian blackbird (national bird)Turdus merula
[51][140]
 TanzaniaGiraffe (national animal)Giraffa sp.
[141][142][143]
 Thailand Asian elephant (national animal)Elephas maximus
[144]
Siamese fighting fish (national aquatic animal)Betta splendens
[145][146]
 TogoLionPanthera leo
[51]
 Turkey Gray Wolf (national animal) Canis lupus
[147]
Kangal Shepherd Dog (national dog) Canis lupus familiaris
[148][149][150]
Turkish Angora (national cat) Felis catus
[151]
 UgandaGrey crowned crane (national bird)Balearica regulorum
[152]
Ugandan kob (national animal)Kobus kob thomasi
[153]
 United Arab EmiratesSaker falcon (national bird)Falco cherrug
[154]
Arabian oryx (national animal)Oryx leucoryx
[155]
 United Kingdom Bulldog (Britain as "British Bulldog")Canis lupus familiaris
[156]
Lion (England)Panthera leo
[157][158]
Red kite (Wales)Milvus milvus
[159]
Unicorn (Scotland)Mythical
[64][160][161][162][163]
Y Ddraig Goch (The Red Dragon of Wales)Mythical
[159][164]
 United StatesBald eagle (national bird)Haliaeetus leucocephalus
[165]
American bison (national mammal)Bison bison
[166]
 VenezuelaVenezuelan troupial (national bird)Icterus icterus[167][168]
 VietnamWater Buffalo (national animal)Bubalus bubalis
[169]
 ZimbabweSable antelope (national animal)Hippotragus niger[170]
African fish eagle (national bird)Haliaeetus vocifer[170]

See also

Notes

  1. commonly known as the Latin name

References

  1. Zhu, Jintao; Ilsinger, Gregor (September 2023). "Political animals in the Modern World: An Investigation of the National Animal Symbol". Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism. 23 (2): 195–215. doi:10.1111/sena.12396. ISSN 1473-8481.
  2. Hammerschlag, Neil; Gallagher, Austin J. (August 2017). "Extinction Risk and Conservation of the Earth's National Animal Symbols". BioScience. 67 (8): 744–749. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix054. ISSN 0006-3568.
  3. Zhu, Jintao (2021). "The Modern Totem: An Overview of the National Animal On its Role in Forming National Identity" (PDF). Pi Sigma Alpha. 2 (21): 22.
  4. García, Enrique (November 2020). "Gender Perspectives on National and Nation-State Animal Symbolism". Men and Masculinities. 23 (5): 889–907. doi:10.1177/1097184X20965457. Retrieved 15 March 2026.
  5. "Afghani Symbols". worldatlas.com. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  6. "Abyssinian Cat". animalall.org. Archived from the original on 28 December 2024. Retrieved 28 December 2024.
  7. "The Fennec Fox: Algeria's National Animal". algeria.com. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  8. Government of Antigua and Barbuda. "Our National Symbols". ab.gov.ag. Retrieved 10 October 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  9. "Furnarius rufus (Hornero, Casero, Caserito, Albañil, Hornerillo, Alonsito (Argentina), Joao-de-barro (Brasil), Alonso García (Paraguay), Tiluchi (Bolivia), Obirog, Ogaraití (guaraní) - Rufous Hornero) | SIB, Parques Nacionales, Argentina". Sistema de Información de Biodiversidad.
  10. Gregory, Herbert E. (1916). "Lonely Australia: The Unique Continent". National Geographic. XXX (6): 497. hdl:2027/nnc1.cu03492079. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
  11. "The Emu Bird, from Australian Outback to American ranches". emufacts.com. Archived from the original on 7 September 2013.
  12. "National Animal Of Austria". Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  13. "Qarabağ atı". 17 November 2020.
  14. Government of The Bahamas. "Official Website for the Government of The Bahamas". bahamas.gov.bs. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  15. "National Symbols". Bangladesh Tourism Board. Bangladesh: Ministry of Civil Aviation & Tourism. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  16. "Heraldic emblem and motto - About Belgium - Portal Belgian Government". belgium.be. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
  17. "National Symbols – Government of Belize Press Office". Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  18. "The National Symbols". Government of Belize. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  19. "National Animals: The Legendary, Extinct and Imaginary-3 of 9". abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  20. "Ten Unusual National Animals That Rival the Unicorn-5 of 10". Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  21. "National Symbols – Embassy and Permanent Mission of Botswana in Switzerland". Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  22. "Embassy of Brazil in Washington". Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  23. "Forestry.gov.kh" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2007. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  24. "Official symbols of Canada". Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  25. "National Symbol of Canada Act". Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  26. "National Horse of Canada Act". Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  27. "China National Symbols". worldatlas.com. 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  28. "National Symbols of China". 123independenceday.com.
  29. "China Considers Red-crowned Crane for National Bird". china.org.cn.
  30. "6 Extremely Rare National Animals". mentalfloss.com. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  31. "National symbols and other information of interest | Cancillería". www.cancilleria.gov.co. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  32. "Presidencia de la República de Costa Rica". Presidencia de la República de Costa Rica (in es}). Archived from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  33. "¡Perezoso es oficialmente símbolo nacional!". Presidencia de la República de Costa Rica (in Spanish). 24 August 2021. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  34. Bousfield, Jonathan (2003). Croatia. Rough Guides. p. 72. ISBN 978-1843530848. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
  35. "Ten Unusual National Animals That Rival the Unicorn-8 of 10". smithsonianmag.com. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  36. AMPP Yaguajay Communicator. "El Tocororo, Ave Nacional de Cuba, the most beautiful in the country". Portal del ciudadano de Yaguajay.
  37. "Living National Treasures: Cyprus". Lntreasures.com. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  38. "The State Symbols of the Czech Republic". Foreign Ministry of the Czech Republic. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  39. "Nationalplanter og -dyr" [Nationalplants and -animals] (in Danish). Naturstyrelsen, Danish Ministry of the Environment. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  40. "National Bird - Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica". dominica.gov.dm. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  41. "Majestic steppe eagle photographed in India. They are the national animal of Egypt". nationalgeographic.com. Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  42. "Decreto Legislativo No 735 del 21 de octubre de 1999" (PDF). Diario Oficial (in Spanish). 345 (216). San Salvador: Imprenta Nacional de El Salvador: 6. 19 November 1999. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  43. "Eritrea State Symbols, Song, Flags, and More". worldatlas.com. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  44. Good, Caroline; Burnham, Dawn; Macdonald, David; Good, Caroline; Burnham, Dawn; Macdonald, David W. (20 July 2017). "A Cultural Conscience for Conservation". Animals. 7 (12): 52. doi:10.3390/ani7070052. PMC 5532567. PMID 28726725.
  45. "Ethiopia State Symbols, Song, Flag, and More". worldatlas.com. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
  46. "State Insignia". eesti.ee. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  47. "Iconic Finnish nature symbols stand out". this is Finland. 25 August 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  48. "Le coq". www.elysee.fr (in French). 21 October 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
  49. "National Animal of Gabon". 2 May 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
  50. "National Animal of Gambia -". Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  51. Hammerschlag, Neil; Gallagher, Austin J. (24 May 2017). "Extinction Risk and Conservation of the Earth's National Animal Symbols". BioScience. 67 (8): 744–749. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix054. ISSN 0006-3568.
  52. "German Symbols". www.worldatlas.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  53. "National Symbols". Government of Grenada | Web Portal. 6 December 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  54. "05 de septiembre, Día del Quetzal, Ave Nacional". CONAP (in Spanish). 4 September 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  55. "MiAmbiente+ participa en la 6ta Liberación de Guacamayas en Valle de Copán".
  56. "Symbols". Latvia.eu. 2016. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  57. "Origins of Turul". Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  58. "Icelandic Coat of Arms". Iceland Prime Minister's Office. Retrieved 29 October 2010.
  59. "National Animal -National Symbols - Know India: National Portal of India". National Portal of India. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
  60. "National Bird -National Symbols - Know India: National Portal of India". National Portal of India. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
  61. "National Aquatic Animal -National Symbols - Know India: National Portal of India". National Portal of India. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
  62. "Elephant declared National Heritage Animal in India". Breaking News Online (India). 2010. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
  63. Keputusan Presiden (KEPPRES) tentang Satwa dan Bunga Nasional [Presidential Decrees Number 4 of 1993] (Presidential Decrees 4) (in Indonesian). Government of the Republic of Indonesia. 1993. p. 1-4. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  64. Humphreys, Patrick (15 March 1999). Lion and Gazelle: The Mammals and Birds of Iran. I.B.Tauris, 1999. ISBN 978-1-86064-229-6. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  65. "A Complete List of National Animals from Around the World". AnimalSake. Archived from the original on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  66. "Iran National Symbols, Song, Flags and More - Worldatlas.com". www.worldatlas.com. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  67. "Iraq". worldatlas.com. 24 February 2021.
  68. "The National Goat". kurdistanica.com. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  69. "Irish National Animal". BBC Wildlife Magazine. 11 May 2023. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2026.
  70. "גאווה לאומית בטבע: הכירו את החיות הלאומיות של ישראל". park.org.il. Retrieved 26 April 2026.
  71. Sheri Foster (January 2021). "What is Italy national animal?". Yourtrip.com.
  72. James Hansen (June 2018). "Il lupo grigio degli appennini e l animale dell Italia". "affaritaliani.it">.
  73. "National Symbols of Jamaica". jis.gov.jm. Archived from the original on 19 June 2006. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
  74. "National Bird". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
  75. 日本の「国魚」をご存知ですか？ [Do you know "Japanese fish"?] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
  76. جمعية الأرض: لحماية وانقاذ الضبع المخطط في لبنان [Earth Association: To protect and save the striped hyena in Lebanon] (in Arabic). National News Agency. 27 April 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2025.
  77. "The number of storks is not decreasing in the Žuvintas biosphere reserve | State Service for Protected Areas under the Ministry of Environment".
  78. Symbols of Madagascar
  79. Symbols of Madagascar
  80. "Nameless Story".
  81. "12 countries that have cooler national animals than the United States". globalpost.com. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  82. "National Animals: The Legendary, Extinct and Imaginary-8 of 9". abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  83. "Ten Unusual National Animals That Rival the Unicorn-3 of 10". Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  84. Minahan, James (2010). The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems: Volume 1. Greenwood Press. p. 469. ISBN 978-0-313-34498-5. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
  85. "Animals in Mongolia". AZ Animals. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  86. "Mongolia names falcon as national bird". wwf.panda.org. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  87. "Saker Falcon, A National Bird of Mongolia". Birds Mongolia (in Mongolian). Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  88. "Мазаалай Баавгайг Үндэсний Бахархалт Амьтнаар Зарлах Тухай". Эрх зүйн мэдээллийн нэгдсэн систем (in Mongolian). 13 December 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2025.
  89. "Constitution of Nepal, 2072" (PDF). Article 9 (B).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  90. "Dutch coat of arms and standard". Archived from the original on 30 December 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
  91. "Grutto verkozen tot nationale vogel". Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  92. "Teara.govt.nz". Teara.govt.nz. 22 September 2012. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  93. "Ley No. 795 que declara al guardabarranco, ave nacional de Nicaragua". Diario Oficial (in Spanish) (118). Managua: La Gaceta. 25 June 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  94. "Nigeria State Symbols, Song, Flags and More - Worldatlas.com". www.worldatlas.com. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
  95. Leftley, Nick. "6 Worst National Animals". Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
  96. "The National Animal Of North Korea Is A Chollima (Like a Pegasus)". Unreal Facts. Archived from the original on 8 January 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
  97. "National Animals: The Legendary, Extinct and Imaginary-6 of 9". abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  98. Kang Su-jong (2015). "Symbols of Korea" (PDF). Korea Pictorial. No. 4. pp. 26–27. ISSN 1727-9208. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
  99. Song, Kong Yo (18 November 2023). "The Magpie-the National Bird of the DPRK". Kim Il Sung University. Retrieved 18 January 2026.
  100. "About Norway's National Animal: The Moose". 31 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  101. "Riksvåpenet er mer hellig enn flagget". www.aftenposten.no. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  102. "Nasjonalfugl". www.snl.no. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  103. "Fjordingene på Langedrag". www.langedrag.no. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  104. "National Symbols of Pakistan". Government of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 28 November 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  105. "National Symbols of Pakistan". Government of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 27 August 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  106. Prensa (10 April 2021). "Panamá posee la población más grande de Águilas Harpías de Centroamérica – MiAmbiente" (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  107. "Ten Unusual National Animals That Rival the Unicorn-9 of 10". smithsonianmag.com. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  108. "Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado - SERNANP". old.sernanp.gob.pe. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  109. Rey, Maestro Valle (11 December 2020). "Carabao | About The National Animal Of The Philippines". PhilNews. Retrieved 6 February 2026.
  110. "Proclamation No. 615, s. 1995". gov.ph. 4 July 1995. Retrieved 12 August 2012.
  111. "Polish Birds Directory: White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla)". birds.poland.pl. Archived from the original on 16 June 2008. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  112. "symbols of Poland: The White Eagle". buffalo.edu. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  113. "Poland salutes the white stork". thenews.pl. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  114. Jon Eldridge (8 April 2011). "Primeval Poland: where the bison roam". theguardian.com. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  115. "Poland". allaboutbison.com. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  116. "Lusitania liberata ab injusto Castellanorum dominio: Restituta legitimo Principi, Serenissimo Joanni IV..." europeana.eu (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  117. IMUB, Loryel Rocha- (15 September 2018). "O Dragão Não É O Timbre Das Armas Dos Bragança Do Brasil E SIM Das Armas Nacionais Da Coroa…". Medium. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  118. JD, InfoBlog de (24 July 2019). "De além-Reno para as Américas, a "Serpe" como símbolo monárquico Luso-Brasileiro". site (in Portuguese). Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  119. "What is the national animal of Portugal?". reference.com. Archived from the original on 14 December 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  120. "Arabian Oryx". www.visitqatar.qa. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  121. "Animalul national - Rasul - Sapte simboluri nationale ale Romaniei mai putin cunoscute". 9AM. Archived from the original on 30 April 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  122. "Birobidjan, Russia Beaverton's sister city since 1990". The City of Beaverton. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  123. Yergorov, Oleg (20 February 2018). "Why is the double-headed eagle Russia's national symbol?". rbth.com.
  124. "National Symbols | Gov.Kn". 4 November 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  125. "The Saint Lucia Parrot (Amazona versicolor)". archive.stlucia.gov.lc. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  126. "The National Bird". foreign.gov.vc. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
  127. "Camel culture: The history of Saudi's national animal". visitsaudi.com. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  128. "СРПСКА НАРОДНА ИНТЕЛИГЕНЦИЈА". badnjak.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014.
  129. James Minahan (23 December 2009). The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems [2 Volumes]. ABC-CLIO. pp. 525–. ISBN 978-0-313-34497-8.
  130. Dattani, Meera (11 September 2019). How the chimp became the face of Sierra Leone tourism. adventure.com. Retrieved 30 June 2026.
  131. Minahan, James (2009). The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems: Volume 2. Greenwood Press. p. 908. ISBN 978-0-313-34500-5.
  132. "National animal | South African Government". www.gov.za. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  133. "National bird | South African Government". www.gov.za. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  134. "National fish | South African Government". www.gov.za. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  135. "South Korean Symbols". worldatlas. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  136. "South Sudan Symbols". worldatlas.com. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  137. "National Animals Of European Countries". WorldAtlas.com. 25 April 2017.
  138. "Sri Lanka National Bird". Government of Sri Lanka Official Web Portal. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012.
  139. "South Sudan Symbols". worldatlas.com. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  140. "Swedish Symbols". worldatlas.com. 24 February 2021.
  141. "National Symbols: National Animal". tanzania.go.tz. Tanzania Government Portal. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  142. Foley, Charles; Foley, Lara; Lobora, Alex; De Luca, Daniela; Msuha, Maurus; Davenport, Tim R.B.; Durant, Sarah M. (8 June 2014). A Field Guide to the Larger Mammals of Tanzania. Princeton University Press. pp. 179–. ISBN 978-1-4008-5280-2.
  143. Knappert, Jan (1987). East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania & Uganda. New Delhi: Vikas Pub. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-7069-2822-8. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
  144. "The government gazette about National symbols of Thailand" (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 118 (99D): 1. 11 December 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 January 2012.
  145. "Siamese fighting fish confirmed as national aquatic animal". Bangkok Post. 5 February 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  146. AFP (5 February 2019). "Thailand makes Siamese fighting fish national aquatic animal". Business Standard India. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  147. Murat Arman, "The Sources of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism", CEU Political Science Journal, issue: 2 (2007), p. 136.
  148. "United Kennel Club: Kangal Dog". Archived from the original on 11 April 2015.
  149. "US researchers hope more assertive, foreign dog breeds can protect livestock from wolves and bears". Pri.org. 6 May 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  150. "Breed standard" (PDF). Cepib.org.rs. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  151. "ARTS-CULTURE - The white beauty of Ankara: Ankara Cat". Hürriyet Daily News | LEADING NEWS SOURCE FOR TURKEY AND THE REGION. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  152. "National Symbols". www.gou.go.ug. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  153. "Uganda's National Animal – Uganda Kob". loverowan.org. Retrieved 30 June 2026.
  154. "Discover all about Falconry". Visit Dubai. Dubai Department of Economy and Tourism. 22 February 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2023. the UAE is the premier world centre for falconry – the falcon is, after all, the country's national bird
  155. "Arabia's Wildlife Centre". Visit Sharjah. Sharjah Commerce & Tourism Development Authority. Located in Sharjah Desert Park, Arabia's Wildlife Centre hosts several animals, including the Arabian Oryx, the UAE's national animal, and the Arabian leopard, the region's famous big cat.
  156. "The British Bulldog". Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  157. Garai, Jana (1973). The Book of Symbols. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-21773-0.
  158. "What images are associated with England?". projectbritain.com. Retrieved 22 September 2010.
  159. "National symbols of Wales". visitwales.com. Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  160. "National Animals: The Legendary, Extinct and Imaginary-2 of 9". abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  161. "Scottish fact of the week: Scotland's official animal, the Unicorn". scotsman.com. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  162. "The Mystical Unicorn Of Scotland". scottish-at-heart.com. Archived from the original on 21 September 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  163. "Scotland's National Animal Is A Unicorn". sunrealfacts.com. 4 April 2013. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  164. "National Animals: The Legendary, Extinct and Imaginary-7 of 9". abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  165. "The American Bald Eagle" (PDF). United States Department of Veterans Affairs.
  166. "Bison Bellows: America's New National Mammal (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  167. "EFEMÉRIDES | el Turpial es declarado Ave Nacional en 1958". 23 May 2018. Archived from the original on 18 August 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  168. "23 de Mayo: Declaración de la Orquídea y el Turpial como Símbolos Nacionales — Venezolana de Televisión". Archived from the original on 25 May 2016.
  169. "What Is Vietnam's National Animal and Why Does It Matter?". 23 November 2025.
  170. "Zimbabwe State Symbols, Songs, Flags, and More". Worldatlas.com. Retrieved 15 August 2018.