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Hong Kong at the Summer Olympics

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Hong Kong at the
Olympics
Hong Kong SAR
IOC codeHKG
NOCSports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China
Websitewww.hkolympic.org (in English and Chinese)
Medals
Ranked 77th
Gold
4
Silver
3
Bronze
6
Total
13
Summer appearances
Winter appearances

Hong Kong first competed at the Olympic Games in 1952. It competed as a British colony until 1996. After the territory's handover in 1997, it has competed since 2000 as "Hong Kong, China" with its status as a special administrative region (SAR) of China. Throughout its history, Hong Kong has participated in every Summer Olympic Games since 1952, except in 1980 in support of the United States' boycott, and in every Winter Olympic Games since 2002.

Hong Kong won its first medal and first gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics, its second gold medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics, and its third and fourth gold medals at the 2024 Summer Olympics. It has also won nine other medals: three silvers and six bronzes. Its best performance to date (by number of gold medals) was in 2024, where it won two gold and two bronze medals.

History

The first Olympic athlete from Hong Kong was Yvonne Yeung, who competed in 1936 for the Republic of China (ROC) instead of British Hong Kong. The ROC, today mostly limited to Taiwan and several smaller islands, currently competes as Chinese Taipei.

As a British Colony, Hong Kong was accepted into the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1950.[1]: 183  The National Olympic Committee (NOC) for Hong Kong was founded in 1950 as the Amateur Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, and is now known as the Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China. It was recognised by the IOC in 1951, and subsequently, Hong Kong began to be represented separately from Great Britain (for any gold medal ceremony, the colonial flag of Hong Kong was raised and the British national anthem was played).

In 1997, Hong Kong was handed over to the People's Republic of China (PRC). Two days after Hong Kong was returned to China, Hong Kong and the IOC signed an agreement stating, "It is the common aim to enable the people of Hong Kong to continue taking part in the Olympic Games and generally in sports competitions everywhere as a separate and independent entity."[1]: 183  The Hong Kong Olympic Committee also added "China" to its name.[1]: 183  Hong Kong maintains its own NOC and is represented separately from mainland China at the Olympics. This is understood to be a grandfathered policy though there is no written documentation evidencing this explanation.[2] In contrast, while Macau also has its own NOC, it is not recognised by the IOC and can only compete separately from mainland China in regional games like the Asian Games.[3]

Hong Kong's Olympic team flies the Hong Kong SAR flag and plays the PRC national anthem during official occasions like the flag-raising and victory ceremonies.[1]: 184 

In 2008, Hong Kong was the site of the equestrian venues for the Beijing Summer Olympics.[1]: 181 

Medals by Games

Medals by sport

SportGoldSilverBronzeTotal
 Fencing3003
 Sailing1001
 Swimming0224
 Table tennis0112
 Cycling0022
 Karate0011
Totals (6 entries)43613

List of medallists

Medal Name Games Sport Event
 GoldLee Lai-shan1996 Atlanta SailingWomen's sailboard (Mistral)
 SilverKo Lai-chak
Li Ching		2004 Athens Table tennisMen's doubles
 BronzeLee Wai-sze2012 London CyclingWomen's keirin
 GoldCheung Ka-long2020 Tokyo FencingMen's foil
 SilverSiobhán Haughey SwimmingWomen's 200 metre freestyle
 SilverWomen's 100 metre freestyle
 BronzeDoo Hoi-kem
Lee Ho-ching
Minnie Soo Wai-yam		 Table tennisWomen's team
 BronzeGrace Lau KarateWomen's kata
 BronzeLee Wai-sze CyclingWomen's Sprint
 GoldVivian Kong2024 Paris FencingWomen's épée
 GoldCheung Ka-long FencingMen's foil
 BronzeSiobhán Haughey SwimmingWomen's 200 metre freestyle
 BronzeWomen's 100 metre freestyle

Multiple medallists

Athlete Sport Games Gold Silver Bronze Total
Siobhán Haughey  Swimming 2020, 2024 0 2 2 4
Cheung Ka-long  Fencing 2020, 2024 2 0 0 2
Lee Wai-sze  Cycling 2012, 2020 0 0 2 2

National Olympic Committee

The National Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, SF&OC, has been repeatedly warned by the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) and Leisure and Cultural Services Department (LCSD) against corruption and to implement better governance. With Timothy Fok as president of the Olympic committee, there have numerous allegations of misconduct against the SF&OC and Fok. In August 2016, the Hong Kong Economic Journal released an article accusing the SF&OC and Fok of various transgressions.[4] In April 2020, the government's Audit Commission released a 141-page report after investigating the Olympic committee, describing various failures with the SF&OC, including lax governance.[5] An editorial published by the South China Morning Post agreed with the Audit Commission and stating that the city's sports development was at risk.[6]

The former sports commissioner of Hong Kong, Yeung Tak-keung, said that "very few people" in the government are familiar with sports and "they often don't know much about sports, nor can they think from the perspective of sports development."[7]

Athlete training

The Hong Kong Sports Institute (HKSI) is a government-funded training center for elite athletes and potential Olympians in Hong Kong. It has been criticised for its decision to primarily fund 20 tier-A sports, including those not included in the Olympics and those which "may not even be able to achieve any breakthrough in the coming years", in turn neglecting support for other sport categories. After the Tokyo Olympics in 2021, where Hong Kong obtained its best Olympics result with six medals, Chung Pak-kwong – former chief executive of HKSI and a sports professor at Baptist University – claimed that Hong Kong's achievements at the Olympics had been disproportionate to the amount of resources invested. Chung suggested that the territory's sports developments should have translated to medals earlier, at the 2016 Summer Olympics (where it instead obtained zero medals). In one South China Morning Post article, an anonymous senior sports official suggested that Hong Kong adopt a more "medal-oriented strategy", recommending that more support be put towards sports that Asians have traditionally performed well in – such as archery or those with weight categories like judo – where "Asians are not at a disadvantage to stronger, bigger Westerners".[8]

Government rules

In November 2024, the government banned surfing, which effectively ruled out any possibility of Hong Kong participating in the surfing events at the Olympics.[9]

Naming

Prior to 1997, the team's name was "Hong Kong"; after 1997, the team's name became "Hong Kong, China". In most other languages, this name is used for translation (e.g. French: Hong Kong, Chine; Russian: Гонконг, Китай; Simplified Chinese: 中国香港; Zhōngguó Xiānggǎng). The Japanese team name is Honkon Chaina (ホンコン・チャイナ) and the Korean team name is Hongkong Chaina (홍콩차이나), using English transliterations of the word "China" instead of the native translation.

See also

References

  1. Xu, Guoqi (2026). The Idea of China: A Contested History. Harvard University Press. doi:10.4159/9780674303997. ISBN 9780674976795. JSTOR jj.33092015.
  2. Leicester, John (30 July 2021). "As China absorbs Hong Kong, why do both get Olympic teams?". AP News. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  3. "About the Sports and Olympic Committee of Macau, China". Sports and Olympic Committee of Macau, China. 29 May 2013. Retrieved 8 November 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  4. "How a cabal controls Hong Kong's Olympic sports EJINSIGHT – ejinsight.com". EJINSIGHT. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  5. Ng, Kang-chung (29 April 2020). "Hong Kong watchdog pans city's Olympic Committee over spending, lack of meetings and athlete selection criteria". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  6. "Hong Kong's sport bodies should lift their game". South China Morning Post. 2 May 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  7. "Opinion | Hong Kong's tourism, culture sectors deserve support, not just criticism". South China Morning Post. 21 October 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  8. Lau, Jack; Heng, Cheryl; Chan, Kin-wa (9 August 2021). "Tokyo Olympics was Hong Kong's 'greatest games' ever, but are more medals on the horizon or was this a flash in the pan?". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  9. "Exclusive | Hong Kong officials double down on surfing ban, refuse to discuss change in law". South China Morning Post. 18 November 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024.