Kemie language

☆ Save On Wikipedia ↗
Man Met
Kemie
Native toChina
RegionSouthwest Yunnan
Native speakers
(900 cited 1990)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
mml – Man Met
kfj – Kemie (duplicate code)
Glottologkemi1240  Kemiehua
manm1238  Man Met
ELPMan Met

Man Met, or Kemie (Chinese: 克蔑话 Kemiehua), is a poorly classified Austroasiatic language spoken by about 1,000 people in Jinghong County, Xishuangbanna, China. It is classified as an Angkuic language by Paul Sidwell (2010). It may be or Mangic according to Li Yunbing (2005),[2] or Palaungic. Like most other Austroasiatic languages, Kemie has subject–verb–object (SVO) word order.

Autonyms include man13 met53 (曼咪), kʰɤ31 met53 (克蔑), and kʰɤ31 miŋ33 (克敏),[3] or khaʔ33 min33.[4]

Distribution

Kemie is spoken in the following villages by just over 1,000 people.[3]

  • Jinghong Township (景洪镇)
    • Xiaomanmi (小曼咪村, 58 households, 256 persons)[5]
    • Damanmi (大曼咪村, 53 households, 234 persons)[6]
    • Jiangtou Manmi (江头曼咪村, 33 households, 124 persons)[7]
  • Manmi (曼咪村, man13 met53) of Gadong Township (嘎东乡, 51 households, 228 persons)[8]
  • Sanjia (三家村) of Mengyang Township (勐养镇, 46 households, 200 persons)[9]

Phonology

The data for Man Met phonology was recorded by Chen (2005) from native speakers of the Xiao Mammi village (小曼咪村), Jinghong County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan.

Word structure

Most lexemes are monosyllabic, though disyllabic compound words are pretty common. Stress falls on the final syllable in disyllables. The word structure can be described as (ʔa/m).ˈCiV(Cf)T.

Suprasegmentals (tones)

Man Met features seven tones, though some one them have limited distributions.[10]

Tone valueNoteExample
11Predominantly found in Tai loans; has final /ʔ/ or creak.kʰɔn³¹ lɔ¹¹ "tadpole"
13Infrequent, predominately with historically short /a, ɤ/ nuclei.aɕim¹³ "bird"
31Predominates in historically long non-high nuclei.atɕɔh³¹ "ants"
33Only two examples were attested.hɔt³³ "to end"
35Predominates with historically approximant and palatal codas.sɤm³⁵ "to plant"
53Restricted to checked and short syllables only.pɛʔ⁵³ "goat, sheep"
55Infrequent, occurs with /i, u/ with nasal codas. Varies to 35~13 in connected speech.fa⁵⁵ "wide"

Consonants

Onsets

Man Met onsets[11]
Labial Alveolar Alveopalatal Velar Glottal
Plosive plain p t k ʔ
aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ
Fricative voiceless f s ɕ h
voiced v ɣ
Affricate t͡s t͡ɕ
Nasal m n ȵ ŋ
Lateral l

In uninterrupted speech, /t͡s/ may be confused with /t͡ɕ/, according to report by Chen (2005). /s/ tends to realize as [t͡sʰ] in Han loan words. The language has the following complex onsets: /pr pw pʰr pʰw (tr) kr kw kʰr kʰw/.[12]

Codas

Codas
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive p t k ʔ
Nasal m n ŋ
Semivowel u̯ i̯

Vowels

Man Met monophthongs[12]
Front Central Back
Close i ɯ u
Mid e ɤ o
Open ɛ ă, a ɔ

References

  1. Man Met at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Kemie (duplicate code) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Li, Yunbing 李云兵 (2005). Bùgēngyǔ yánjiū 布赓语研究 [A Study of Bugeng [Bugan]] (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
  3. Chen (2005), p. 1
  4. Yan & Zhou (2012), p. 154
  5. "Jǐnghóng Shì Yǔnjǐnghóng Jiēdào Bànshìchù Màngēlóng Cūnwěihuì Xiǎomànmī" 景洪市允景洪街道办事处曼戈龙村委会小曼咪 [Xiaomanmi, Mangelong Village Committee, Yunjinghong Sub-district Office, Jinghong City]. ynszxc.gov.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2013-02-21.
  6. "Jǐnghóng Shì Yǔnjǐnghóng Jiēdào Bànshìchù Màngēlóng Cūnwěihuì Dàmànmī" 景洪市允景洪街道办事处曼戈龙村委会大曼咪 [Damanmi, Mangelong Village Committee, Yunjinghong Sub-district Office, Jinghong City]. ynszxc.gov.cn (in Chinese).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  7. "Jǐnghóng Shì Yǔnjǐnghóng Jiēdào Bànshìchù Màngēlóng Cūnwěihuì Jiāngtóu Mànmī" 景洪市允景洪街道办事处曼戈龙村委会江头曼咪 [Jiangtou Manmi, Mangelong Village Committee, Yunjinghong Sub-district Office, Jinghong City]. ynszxc.gov.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2013-02-21.
  8. "Jǐnghóng Shì Gāsǎ Zhèn Mànmài Cūnwěihuì Mànmī Cūn" 景洪市嘎洒镇曼迈村委会曼咪村 [Manmi Village, Manmai Village Committee, Gasa Town, Jinghong City]. ynszxc.gov.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2013-02-21.
  9. "Jǐnghóng Shì Měngyǎng Zhèn Mànjǐngkǎn Cūnwěihuì Sānjiā Cūn" 景洪市勐养镇曼景坎村委会三家村 [Sanjia Village, Manjingkan Village Committee, Mengyang Town, Jinghong City]. ynszxc.gov.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2013-02-21.
  10. Sidwell 2015, p. 53.
  11. Chen 2005.
  12. Sidwell 2015, p. 54.

Further reading

  • Chen, Guoqing 陈国庆 (2005). Kèmièyǔ yánjiū 克蔑语研究 [A Study of Kemie] (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
  • Gao, Yongqi 高永奇 (2004). Bùxìngyǔ yánjiū 布兴语研究 [A Study of Buxing] (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
  • Yan, Qixiang 颜其香; Zhou, Zhizhi 周植志 (2012). Zhōngguó Mèng-Gāomián yǔzú yǔyán yǔ nányǎ yǔxì 中国孟高棉语族语言与南亚语系 [Mon-Khmer Languages of China and the Austroasiatic Family] (in Chinese). Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe.
  • Sidwell, Paul (2015). The Palaungic Languages: Classification, Reconstruction and Comparative Lexicon. München: Lincom Europa.