The Rulers of Nabataea, reigned over the Nabataean Kingdom (also rendered as Nabataea, Nabatea, or Nabathea), inhabited by the Nabataeans, located in present-day Jordan, south-eastern Syria, southern modern-day Israel, Sinai Egypt, and north-western Saudi Arabia.
The queens of the later Nabataean Kingdom appear alongside their husbands as co-rulers on their coinage.[1]
List
| Reign | Name | Arabic name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kings of Nabataea | |||
| c. 248/247 BC | M[alichus]?[a] | مالك, Mālik | Mentioned by Posidippus of Pella |
| c. 169 BC | Aretas I | الحارث, Al-Ḥāriṯ or الحارثة, Al-Ḥāriṯa | |
| 120/110 to 96 BC | Aretas II | الحارث, Al-Ḥāriṯ or الحارثة, Al-Ḥāriṯa | In some sources appears as successor to Rabbel I |
| c. 96 to 85 BC | Obodas I | عُبادة, ʿubādah | |
| c. 85/84 BC | Rabbel I | رب أيل, Rabb ʾayl | In some sources appears as successor to Aretas II |
| 84 to 60/59 BC | Aretas III Philhellen | الحارث, Al-Ḥāriṯ or الحارثة, Al-Ḥāriṯa | Recognised by Rome 62 BC |
| 62/61 to 60/59 BC | Obodas II (?) | عُبادة, ʿubādah | Existence uncertain until recently; probably ruled a few months |
| 59 to 30 BC | Malichus I | مالك, Mālik | |
| 30 to 9 BC | Obodas III | عُبادة, ʿubādah | |
| 9/8 BC to 39/40 | Aretas IV Philopatris | الحارث, Al-Ḥāriṯ or الحارثة, Al-Ḥāriṯa | |
| Ḥuldo, Queen | خلدو, Ḫuldu | ||
| Šagīlat, Queen | شقيلة, Šaqīla | ||
| 39/40 to 69/70 | Malichus II | مالك, Mālik | |
| Šagīlat II, Queen | شقيلة, Šaqīla | ||
| 70/71 to 106 | Rabbel II Soter | رب أيل, Rabb ʾayl | |
| Gāmilat,[2] Queen | جميلة, Jamīla | ||
| Hagaru,[2] Queen | هاجر, Hajar | ||
| 106 | Annexed by Trajan becoming the Roman province of Arabia Petraea | ||
See also
Notes
- Barkay, 2015: "The name of the Nabataean king who minted the first anonymous coins is unknown, but it could have been M[alichus], as suggested by one of the interpretations of the Milan papyrus.[...] A Nabataean king from this period is mentioned in a few written sources. One is a papyrus from Egypt kept in Milan comprising epigrams written by the poet Posidippus of Pella during the reign of Ptolemy II (286-246 BCE). It mentions a Nabataean king described as the commander of a powerful 'Arab cavalry force'. The word Ναβαταĩοc (Nabataean) stands alone and its continuation (on the next line) is with a missing word starting with the letter M. There are a few options for filling the gap after 'Nabataean', one of them is the name of the king Malichos (ȝ[άȜιχoc ὢ]Ȟ), a traditional name of Nabataean kings known from later periods. The fixed date of 248/247 BCE was given by an epigram celebrating the Olympian victories by Berenice II, daughter of Ptolemy II and wife of Antiochus II [...]"
References
- Briffault, Robert (1927). The Mothers: A Study of the Origins of Sentiments and Institutions. Vol. 1. The Macmillan Company. p. 375.
- The Numismatic Chronicle. Vol. 154. Royal Numismatic Society. 1994. p. 116.
Works cited
- Barkay, Rachel (2015), "New Aspects of Nabataean Coins", Aram, 27 (1&2): 431-439
Sources
- Jewish Virtual Library
- Martha Ross, Rulers and Governments of the World – Vol1, Earliest Times to 1491. London & New York: Bowker Publishing Company, 1978.