Maykov (Russian: Ма́йков), or Maykova (feminine; Ма́йкова) is a Russian surname associated with the noble Maykov family. Notable people with the surname include:
- Aleksandr Maykov (1902–1977), Soviet Army officer
- Apollon Aleksandrovich Maykov (1761–1838) Russian poet and State Counsellor, father of Nikolay
- Evgeniya Maykova (1803–1880), Russian writer and poet, wife of Nikolay
- Nikolay Maykov (1794–1873) Russian painter and his sons:
- Apollon Maykov (1821–1897) Russian poet
- Valerian Maykov (1823–1847) Russian writer and literary critic
- Vladimir Maykov (1826-1885) Russian publisher
- Leonid Maykov (1839–1900) Russian literary expert, ethnographer and academician
- Vasili Maykov (1728–1778) Russian poet and playwright, uncle of Apollon Alexandrovich