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Phoenix club (sport)

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The term phoenix club is used in professional team sports to refer to a new entity that is set up to replace the same club that has failed in business terms but not necessarily in sporting terms, and generally involves the continuation of the sporting activity.[1][2] In some cases, the phoenix club is created by the supporters of the club which has ended, or seems to be on the point of ending. A phoenix club will often have a very similar (although, for legal reasons, not identical) name and logo to the original club, and will also use a similar playing kit. The term is particularly prevalent in the United Kingdom and Italy in relation to association football, although it is also used in other countries.

The term has also been used to refer to a club formed by supporters of a major team when a change of ownership or policy causes them to lose faith in the management of their favoured side. This happened in 2005, when F.C. United of Manchester was formed by some fans of Manchester United F.C., specifically as a protest at the sale of the latter to Malcolm Glazer, and at what they saw as the excessive and unacceptable commercialisation of the club,[3] although the new club's status as a phoenix is open to dispute on the basis that the original club still exists.

The term is derived from the mythical phoenix, a bird which was said to resurrect itself from its own ashes. In at least one case, the name of a phoenix club has played on the term itself: in the Australia-New Zealand A-League, now known as A-League Men, the defunct New Zealand Knights were replaced by new club Wellington Phoenix FC.

In some cases, phoenix clubs retain the name of the club which they replaced, implying a continuation from the former team. In other cases, name changes occur, perhaps due to proprietorial ownership of the old club's name.

An essential element of a phoenix club is that it is a legally separate entity from the original. A counter example is the American football Cleveland Browns, the football organization of which moved to Baltimore in 1995 to become the Baltimore Ravens. The NFL stipulated that, as a condition of allowing the move, the Ravens would have to relinquish any claim to the history and records of the Browns, one of the twelve "old guard" NFL franchises. As such, the Ravens technically entered the NFL as an expansion team. While the Browns franchise was deemed to have "suspended operations" for three years, in 1999 it was sold to new ownership and was recognized by the league to own all of the pre-1996 Browns' history, even though the extant Ravens had acquired the contracts of that team's players and personnel. The league and club thus recognize the Browns as one single team, albeit with a sporting hiatus, making the Browns not a phoenix club.[4]

Because there is no single, universally-accepted definition, ascribing the term phoenix club can be disputed depending on the criteria used. Furthermore, there may be changes in what each country's football governing body and legal system defines as a phoenix club rather than resurrected club.

Multisports club

Greece

Original club Operating period Source 1st Phoenix club Operating period Source
G.S. Iraklis Thessalonikis 1908–2022 [5][6] N.G.S. Iraklis Thessalonikis 1908 2020–present [7][8]

Association football

Two countries

Original club 1st Phoenix club Year established
SC Tavriya Simferopol FC TSK Simferopol*a 2014
  • a A club was founded in Russia following the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea.

Austria

Original club 1st Phoenix club Year established
FC Swarovski Tirol FC Tirol Innsbruck 1993
1. FC Vöcklabruck Vöcklabrucker SC[9] 2009
SV Austria Salzburg SV Austria Salzburg[10] 2005
Hakoah Vienna SC Maccabi Wien[11] 2010
FC Wacker Innsbruck FC Wacker Innsbruck (2002) 2002

Belgium

Original club 1st Phoenix club Year established
K. Stade Leuven Oud-Heverlee Leuven 1972
KFC Herentals VC Herentals 2000
K. Lyra K. Lyra-Lierse Berlaar 2002
K.S.K. Beveren K.S.K. Beveren[12] 2010
Beerschot AC K Beerschot VA[13][14] 2013
R.E. Mouscron Royal Excel Mouscron[15] 2010
K.R.C. Harelbeke K.R.C. Harelbeke 2016
R.W.D. Molenbeek R.W.D. Molenbeek 2015
R.A.E.C. Mons R.A.E.C. Mons 2015
Lierse S.K. Lierse S.K. 2018
K.V. Oostende K.V. Diksmuide-Oostende 2022

Brazil

Original club 1st Phoenix club Year established 2nd Phoenix club Year established
AA Cabofriensea AD Cabofriense[16] 1997
Colorado and Pinheiros Paraná Clube[17] 1989
Grêmio Novorizontino (1973) Grêmio Novorizontino (2010)[18] 2010
Icasa E.C. A.D.R.C. Icasa[19][20] 2002
EC Lemense CA Lemense 2005 Lemense FCd 2022
Linhares EC Linhares FC[21] 2001
Operário Várzea-Grandenseb EC Operário 1996 Operário Ltda. 2003
Taguatinga EC (1964)c Taguatinga EC (2018)[22] 2018
AD Vitória AAD Vitória das Tabocas 2008
  • a AA Cabofriense was refounded as AD Cabofriense in 1997 by the same directors with the aim of separating football from the social club activities.
  • b Due to financial problems, Operário Várzea-Grandense (also known as CEOV) withdrew from professional football in 1996. As it is one of the clubs with the most fans in the state, EC Operário was created with the same colors (red and green) as the traditional CEOV. Despite being state champion twice (1997 and 2002), the club did not receive the expected support and closed its activities in 2002. Another club with a similar name was created (Operário Futebol Ltda.), this time with red and black colors in honor of CR Flamengo, and has won the 2006 tournament. Operário Ltda. currently competes in the second division and the original CEOV returned to professional football in 2013.[23]
  • c The original Taguatinga EC and CA Taguatinga (former CA Bandeirante) merged in 2018.[24]
  • d Former SC Atibaia.[25]

Bulgaria

Original club 1st Phoenix club Year established 2nd Phoenix club Year established
PFC Beroe Stara Zagora Olimpic-Beroe[26] 1999 PFC Beroe Stara Zagora AD[27] 2008
F.C. Etar FC Etar 1924 Veliko Tarnovo[28] 2003 OFC Etar Veliko Tarnovo[29] 2013
FC Chernomorets Burgas PSFC Chernomorets Burgas 2005 FC Chernomorets 1919 Burgas 2015

Canada

Original club Year established Phoenix Club Year established 2nd Phoenix Club Year established
Supra de Montréal (1988-1992) 1988 FC Supra du Québec 2026
Hamilton Steelers (1958–1967) 1958 Hamilton Steelers (1981–1992) 1981
Montreal Impact (1992–2011) 1992 CF Montréal[a] 2010
North York Rockets 1987 Toronto Rockets 1993
Ottawa Fury (2005–2013) 2005 Ottawa Fury FC 2014
Toronto Blizzard (1971–1984)[b] 1971 Toronto Blizzard (1986–1993) 1986
Vancouver Whitecaps (1974–84) 1974 Vancouver Whitecaps (1986–2010)[c] 1986 Vancouver Whitecaps FC[30] 2009

China

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Wuhan Optics Valley F.C. Wuhan Yangtze River F.C. 2009
Hebei Zhuoao F.C. Shijiazhuang Gongfu F.C. 2020
Hebei F.C. Langfang Glory City F.C. 2022
Shaanxi Chang'an Athletic F.C. Shaanxi Union F.C. 2023
Heilongjiang Ice City F.C. Heilongjiang Ice City F.C. (2025) 2025

Czech Republic

Original club Phoenix club Year established
DFC Prag DFC Prag 2016
Dukla Prague FK Dukla Prague 2001

Costa Rica

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Asociación Deportiva Limonense Limón F.C.[31] 2009
A.D. Generaleñaa AS Puma Generaleña[32] 2010

a A.D. Generaleña merged with A.D. Pérez Zeledón to become Municipal Pérez Zeledón, de facto only continuing the Pérez Zeledón heritage.

Croatia

Original club Phoenix club Year established 2nd Phoenix club Year established
HŠK Građanski Zagreb GNK Dinamo Zagreb 1945
US Fiumanaa HNK Rijeka 1946
NK Varaždin (1931–2015)b NK Varteks[33] 2011 NK Varaždin (2012) 2012
NK Orijent (1919-2014) HNK Orijent 1919 2015
NK Zadar HNK Zadar 2020
NK Inter Zaprešić NK Inker Zaprešić 2022
HNK Šibenik GNK Šibenik 2026

a The city of Rijeka was part of the Kingdom of Italy and it was known as Fiume.

b The finances of the original NK Varaždin (called NK Varteks from 1958 to 2010) stumbled repeatedly for five years. When this led to their suspension in 2011, an unassociated NK Varteks was created. When they were suspended again in 2012, a new unassociated Varaždin emerged. The original club, including its records and history, folded in 2015.

England / Wales

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Willand Wanderers F.C. Willand Rovers F.C.[34] 1946
Accrington Stanley F.C. (1891) Accrington Stanley F.C.[35] 1968
Gateshead A.F.C. Gateshead F.C.[36] 1977
Newport County Newport County A.F.C.[37] 1989
Aldershot F.C. Aldershot Town F.C.[38] 1992
Wimbledon F.C.a AFC Wimbledon[39][40][41] 2002
Telford United F.C. AFC Telford United[42] 2004
Emley Emley A.F.C.[43] 2005
Hornchurch F.C. A.F.C. Hornchurch[44] 2005
Scarborough F.C. Scarborough Athletic F.C.[45] 2007
Farnborough Town F.C. Farnborough F.C.[46] 2007
Halifax Town A.F.C.[47] F.C. Halifax Town[48] 2008
Fisher Athletic F.C. Fisher F.C.[49] 2009
Chester City F.C. Chester F.C.[50] 2010
Ilkeston Town Ilkeston F.C. 2010
Merthyr Tydfil F.C. Merthyr Town F.C.[51] 2010
King's Lynn F.C. King's Lynn Town F.C. 2010
Rushden & Diamonds F.C. AFC Rushden & Diamonds[52] 2011
Windsor & Eton F.C. Windsor F.C.[53] 2011
Croydon Athletic F.C. AFC Croydon Athletic[54] 2012
Llanelli A.F.C. Llanelli Town A.F.C. 2013
Hereford United F.C. Hereford F.C.[55] 2015
Salisbury City F.C. Salisbury F.C. 2015
Ilkeston F.C. Ilkeston Town F.C. 2017
North Ferriby United A.F.C.[56] North Ferriby F.C.[57] 2019
Bury F.C. Bury A.F.C.b 2021
Rhyl F.C. C.P.D. Y Rhyl 1879 2020
Macclesfield Town F.C. Macclesfield F.C. 2020
Whyteleafe F.C. AFC Whyteleafe[58] 2021
Farsley Celtic F.C. FC Farsley[59] 2025
Widnes FC Widnes Town[60] 2026

a Wimbledon F.C. relocated to Milton Keynes in 2004 and was renamed Milton Keynes Dons F.C., two years after the Football Association's binding decision to permit the move, and two years after the founding of AFC Wimbledon; see Relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes.

b In February 2022, Bury fans' group Est.1885 acquired the trading name, history and memorabilia of Bury F.C.. In May 2023, the Bury Football Club Supporters' Society (who owned Gigg Lane and the "Bury FC" trading name) and the Shakers Community Society (who owned phoenix club Bury AFC) merged.[61] Bury AFC adopted the Bury FC playing name and returned to Gigg Lane, following FA approval in June 2023. The two team's histories were combined — retroactively counting Bury AFC's seasons as seasons for Bury FC.

Finland

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Tampere United TamU-K[62] 2009

France

Original club Phoenix club Year established
FC Nancy AS Nancy Lorraine 1967
Gap FC Gap Foot 05[63] 2012
Toulouse FC Toulouse FC 1970
FC Sète SC Sètois 2023

Germany

Original club 1st Phoenix club Year established 2nd Phoenix club Year established
SC Tasmania 1900 Berlin SV Tasmania Berlin 1973
BSG Chemie Leipzig (1950) FC Sachsen Leipzig 1990 BSG Chemie Leipzig (1997)[64] 1997
SpVgg Blau-Weiß 1890 Berlin SV Blau Weiss Berlin[65][66] 1992
1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig (1966) 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig (2003) 2003
SG Dynamo Schwerin SG Dynamo Schwerin 2003
1. FC Kattowitz 1. FC Katowice 2007
DVV Coburg FC Coburg[67] 2011
FC Sachsen Leipzig SG Sachsen Leipzig 2011 LVF Sachsen Leipzig 2014
Kultur Sport Verein Hessen Kassel FC Hessen Kassel 1993 KSV Hessen Kassel 1998

Greece

Original club Operating period Source 1st Phoenix club Operating period Source 2nd Phoenix club Operating period Source 3rd Phoenix club Operating period Source
G.S. Iraklis Thessalonikis 1908–2012 [5][6][68] A.E.P. Iraklis 1908 2012–2019 [69][70][71] A.S. Iraklis 2015 2019–2020 [72][73] P.O.T. Iraklis 2021–present [74][75][76]

India

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Salgaocar FC Clube de Salgaocar 2024
Mohun Bagan Mohun Bagan Super Giants 2020

Indonesia

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Persijatim East Jakarta Jakarta Timur 2005
Perseba Super Bangkalan Perseba Bangkalan[77] 2012
Persisam Putra Samarinda Borneo Samarinda[78] 2014
Persekaba Badung Persekaba Bali[79] 2017
Persebo Bondowoso Persebo Muda 2017
Persikad Depok Persikad 1999[80] 2018
Persires Rengat Persires Indragiri Hulu 2019
PS Bangka PS Bangka (2019) 2021
Persikubar West Kutai Persikubar Putra 2021
Persisam Putra Samarinda Persisam United 2021
Persika Karawang Persika 1951[81] 2022
Persipasi Bekasi Persipasi Kota Bekasi 2022
Persebo Bondowoso Persebo 1964 2023
Perseta Tulungagung Perseta 1970 2023
Persiku Kutai Persikukar Kutai Kartanegara 2023
Persikutim East Kutai Persikutim United 2025
Persiwa Wamena Wamena United 2025
Perseru Serui PS Yapen 2026

Italy

In the early 21st century, numerous Italian clubs endured very severe economic problems, including some famous and historically successful teams. Some, most notably Fiorentina,[82][83] Napoli,[84][85][86] Parma[87][88] and Torino[89] were each declared formally bankrupt and thus had to reapply to the Italian football authorities to play at a lower level, with new owners and as new corporate entities. However, all are considered to be the same clubs before and after the bankruptcy rather than separate phoenix entities: they obtained the "sports title" to remain in the Italy football pyramid using clauses in the Article 52 of N.O.I.F.[86][89]

Japan

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Yokohama Flügels Yokohama FC 1998

Korea

Original club 1st Phoenix club Year established 2nd Phoenix club Year established 3rd Phoenix club Year established
Police FC Ansan Police FC[90] 2014 Asan Mugunghwa FC[91] 2017 Chungnam Asan FC[92] 2020

Latvia

Original club Phoenix club Year established
FK Liepājas Metalurgs FK Liepāja[93] 2014
FK Ventspils JFK Ventspils 2021

Lithuania

Original club Phoenix club Year established
FK Žalgiris VMFD Žalgirisa[94] 2009
FBK Kaunas F.B.K. Kaunas[95] 2012
lt:FK Atmosfera (1973) FK Atmosfera (2012)[96] 2012
FK Vėtra FK Vėtra Rūdiškės[97] 2014
FK Dainava Alytus DFK Dainava[98] 2016
FK Minija Kretinga FK Minija (2017)[99] 2017
FK Ekranasb[100] 2020

aFollowing a court settlement in 2014, club acquired rights to the history, titles, name and other assets of the original club.[101]
bIn 2020, FK Aukštaitija acquired the name and history of the club disestablished in 2015 from the bankruptcy administrator. The local authorities confirmed the continuity of the club that June.[102][103]

The Netherlands

Original club Phoenix club Year established
RBC Roosendaal RBC 2011

North Macedonia

Original club Phoenix club Year established
FK Sloga Jugomagnat FK Shkupi[104] 2012
FK Bashkimi (1947–2008) FK Bashkimi (2011)[105] 2011
FK Pobeda FK Pobeda (2010)[106] 2010

Northern Ireland

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Ballymena F.C. Ballymena United F.C.[107] 1934
Newry City F.C. Newry City AFC[108] 2013
Belfast Celtic F.C. Belfast Celtic F.C. (1978) 1978 (Named Belfast Celtic, 2019)

Peru

Original club 1st Phoenix club Year established 2nd Phoenix club Year established 3rd Phoenix club Year established
Juan Aurich (1922–1992) Aurich–Cañaña 1993 Juan Aurich (1996–2004) 1996 Juan Aurich (2005)[109] 2005

Poland

Original club Phoenix club Year established
1. FC Kattowitz 1. FC Katowice 2007
Amica Wronki Błękitni Wronki 2007
Pogoń Lwów Pogoń Lwów 2009
Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski Nasza Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski 2017
Ogniwo Sopot PDP Ogniwo Sopot 2018
MKP Kotwica Kołobrzeg MKS Kotwica Kołobrzeg[110] 2025

Portugal

Original club 1st Phoenix club Year established 2nd Phoenix club Year established
Associação Naval 1º de Maio Associação Naval 1893[111][112] 2017
Clube Desportivo das Aves Clube Desportivo das Aves 1930[113][114] 2020
Clube de Futebol Estrela da Amadora[115] C.D. Estrela[116] 2011 Club Football Estrela da Amadora[117] 2020
Clube de Futebol União União da Bola F.C.[118] 2022
Futebol Clube de Felgueiras Futebol Clube de Felgueiras 1932[119] 2006
Futebol Clube da Maia F.C. Maia Lidador[120] 2009
Futebol Clube do Marco A.D. Marco 09[121] 2009
Boavista Futebol Clube Panteras Negras F.C.[122] 2025
Sport Comércio e Salgueiros S.C. Salgueiros 08 / S.C. Salgueiros[123] 2008
Sporting Clube Olhanense Sporting Clube Olhanense 1912[124] 2017

Republic of Ireland

Original club 1st Phoenix club Year established 2nd Phoenix club Year established
Cork Cork United[125] 1940 Cork Athletic[125] 1948

Romania

Original club Phoenix Club Year established
FC Steaua București CSA Steaua București
CS Universitatea Craiova FC U Craiova 1948
FC Politehnica Iași (1945) FC Politehnica Iași (2010) 2010
FC Politehnica Timișoara ACS Poli Timișoara 2012
FC Argeș Pitești F.C. Argeș 1953[126] 2013
CS Gaz Metan Mediaș ACS Mediaș 2022

Russia

Original club Phoenix club Year established
FC Spartak Ryazan FC Ryazan[127] 1995
Uralan Elista FC Elista 2005
FC Kuban Krasnodar FC Kuban Krasnodar 2018
Alania Vladikavkaz FC Alania Vladikavkaz (2019) 2019

Scotland

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Clydebankb Clydebank F.C. 2003
Gretna F.C. Gretna F.C. 2008[128] 2008

b Airdrieonians F.C. (1878) were liquidated in 2002[129] but their owners bought Clydebank[130] and rebranded it as Airdrie United (now known as Airdrieonians F.C. (2002)); therefore that club is not a phoenix as it took the place of an existing entity. However the current incarnation of Clydebank is a phoenix, as it was founded by supporters to replace the entity which had moved to Airdrie[131] and had to restart at the bottom of the (Junior) league pyramid.

During the liquidation of The Rangers Football Club plc in 2012,[132] a new company, set up for the purpose,[133] bought the assets of the business and secured the transfer of its SFA membership, which allowed Rangers F.C. to continue playing, albeit having to start again in the lowest national division of the Scottish football league system.[134]

Serbia

Original club Phoenix club Year established
FK Hajduk Kula OFK Hajduk[135][136][137] 2013[138]
FK Mladost Apatin OFK Mladost APA 2011
FK Radnički Bajmok FK Radnički 1905 2013
FK Sloga Petrovac na Mlavi FK Sloga 33 2016
FK Vrbas OFK Vrbas 2007

Slovakia

Original club Phoenix club Year established
FC VSS Košice FC Košice 2018

Slovenia

Original club 1st Phoenix club Year established 2nd Phoenix club Year established
I. SSK Maribor NK Branik Maribor[139] 1949
NK Izola MNK Izola[140] 1996
NK Ljubljana FC Ljubljana[141] 2005
NK Mura ND Mura 05 2005 NŠ Mura 2012
NK Olimpija Ljubljana (defunct) NK Olimpija Ljubljana (2005)[142][143] 2005
NK Primorje DNŠ Ajdovščina[144] 2011
NK Nafta Lendava NK Nafta 1903 2012

Spain

Original club 1st Phoenix club Year established 2nd Phoenix club Year established 3rd Phoenix club Year established
Real Vigo Sporting RC Celta de Vigo 1923
Levante FC Levante UD 1939
Cartagena CF Cartagena FC 1940 FC Cartagena 1995
CD Málaga Málaga CF 1948
UD Orensana CD Ourense 1952 UD Ourense[145] 2014
RCD Córdoba Córdoba CF 1954
SD Ceuta AD Ceuta FC 1956
UD Melilla Melilla CF 1956 UD Melilla 1976
UD Huesca SD Huesca 1960
CD Villarrobledo CP Villarrobledo 1971
Getafe Deportivo Getafe CF 1983
AD Almería CP Almería 1983
Burgos CF Real Burgos CF 1983 Burgos CF 1994
SD Gimnástica Arandina Arandina CF 1987
Linares CF CD Linares 1990 Linares Deportivo 2009
AP Almansa UD Almansa 1992
CD Villanovense CF Villanovense 1992
CD Antequerano Antequera CF 1992
CD Fuengirola UD Fuengirola 1992 UD Fuengirola Los Boliches 2001
CF Lorca Deportiva Lorca CF 1994 Lorca Deportiva CF 2002 CF Lorca Deportiva 2012
Orihuela Deportiva CF Orihuela CF 1995
CD Estepona Unión Estepona CF 1995 CD Estepona FS 2014
SD Ibiza UD Ibiza-Eivissa 1995 UD Ibiza 2015
Sestao SC Sestao River Club 1996
CA Marbella Marbella FC 1997
CD Manchego Manchego CF 2000 CD Manchego Ciudad Real 2009
CP Mérida Mérida UD[146] 2000 Mérida AD[147] 2013
SD Compostela SD Compostela 2004
Yeclano CF Yeclano Deportivo 2004
CD Corralejo CD Corralejo 2005
CF Ciudad de Murcia CAP Ciudad de Murcia[148] 2010[d]
CF Extremadura Extremadura UD[149] 2007 CD Extremadura 2022
Mengíbar CF CD Atlético Mengíbar 2008
Torredonjimeno CF UD Ciudad de Torredonjimeno 2009
Huercalense CF Huércal-Overa CF 2009
CD Logroñés SD Logroñés 2009
UD Logroñés 2009
CD Molinense CF Molina 2009 Unión Molinense CF 2018
CD San Fernando San Fernando CD 2009 CD San Fernando 1940 2025
Águilas CF Águilas FC 2010
Daimiel CF Daimiel Racing Club 2010
UE Lleida Lleida Esportiu 2011
Talavera CF CF Talavera de la Reina 2011
CD La Unión CF La Unión 2011 La Unión CF 2012
Jumilla CF FC Jumilla 2011 Jumilla ACF 2020
CD Badajoz CD Badajoz 1905 2012
Polideportivo Ejido CP El Ejido 1969 2012
Motril CF CF Motril 2012
CD San Martín EI San Martín[150] 2012
UD Salamanca Unionistas de Salamanca CF[151] 2013
Salamanca CF UDS[152] 2013
CF Palencia Palencia CF 2013
Alicante CF CFI Alicante 2014
CD Puertollano Calvo Sotelo Puertollano CF 2015
Caravaca CF UD Caravaca 2015
Hellín Deportivo Hellín CF 2016
Huracán Valencia CF CF Huracán Moncada 2016
CD Baza CD Ciudad de Baza CP 2017 2017
Ontinyent CF Ontinyent 1931 CF 2019
CD Díter Zafra CD Zafra 2021
Dos Hermanas CF Dos Hermanas CF 1971 2021
CF Reus Deportiu Reus FC Reddis 2022

Turkey

Most phoenix clubs in Turkey are clubs that were originally founded independently under a different name and only repurposed as a replacement of the better known original club following its dissolution.

Original club Phoenix club Year established Current name adopted
Founded as Current name
Akçaabat Sebatspor Sebat Gençlikspor 2018
Bucaspor İzmir İl Özel İdarespor Bucaspor 1928 2011 2021
Çorumspor Çorum Belediyespor Çorum F.K. 1997 2019
Diyarbakırspor Tarım Doğanspor Diyarbekirspor 1977 2015
Erzincanspor Refahiyespor 24 Erzincanspor 1984 2015
Erzurumspor Erzurum Büyükşehir Belediyespor Erzurumspor F.K. 2005 2022
Gaziantepspor Sankospor Gaziantep F.K. 1988 2019
İskenderunspor Erzinspor İskenderunspor (1978) 1978 2009
Kardemir Karabükspor Adatepe Dökecekspor Karabük İdman Yurdu 2015 2023
Kastamonuspor Tosya Belediyespor Kastamonuspor 1966 1942 2014
Malatyaspor Malatya Belediyespor Yeni Malatyaspor 1986 2010
Manisaspor Manisa Belediyespor Manisa F.K. 1994 2019
Mersin İdman Yurdu İçelspor Yeni Mersin İdmanyurdu 1964 2022
Orduspor Ordu İl Özel İdarespor 52 Orduspor 1973 2019
Ordu Soyaspor Orduspor 1967 1966 2020
Vanspor Belediye Vanspor Vanspor F.K. 1982 2019
Yozgatspor Şefaatli Belediyespor Yozgatspor 1959 F.K. 1984 2015
Zonguldakspor Demir Madencilik Dilaverspor Zonguldak Kömürspor 1986 2011

Ukraine

Original club 1st Phoenix club Year established 2nd Phoenix club Year established 3rd Phoenix club Year established 4th Phoenix club Year established
Kolhospnyk Cherkasy Dnipro Cherkasy 1975 FC Cherkasy 2003 FC Dnipro Cherkasy 2018 – –
Torpedo Lutsk Torpedo Lutsk 1977 – – – – – –
Desna Chernihiv Desna Chernihiv 1977 – – – – – –
Kolos Poltava Vorskla Poltava 1984 – – – – – –
Dnipro Kremenchuk Kremin Kremenchuk 1988 MFC Kremin Kremenchuk 2003 – – – –
Karpaty Lviv FC Karpaty Lviv 1989 FC Karpaty Lviv 2020 (debated) – – – –
USC Skala Stryi FC Skala Stryi 1992 FC Hazovyk-Skala Stryi 2001 FC Skala Stryi 2011 FC Skala 1911 Stryi 2022
Polihraftekhnika Oleksandriya PFC Oleksandriya 2004 FC Oleksandriya 2014 – – – –
Lokomotyv Vinnytsia PFC Nyva Vinnytsia 2006 FC Nyva Vinnytsia 2016 – – – –
Chervona Zirka Zinovyevsk FC Zirka Kropyvnytskyi 2007 – – – – – –
Pogoń Lwów Pogoń Lwów (2009) 2009 – – – – – –
Khodak Cherkasy FC Slavutych Cherkasy 2010 FC Cherkashchyna 2018 – – – –
Arsenal Kyiv FC Arsenal Kyiv 2001 FC Arsenal-Kyiv Kyiv 2014 – – – –
Kolhospnyk Rivne NK Veres Rivne 2015 – – – – – –
FC Lviv FC Lviv 2016 – – – – – –
Tavriya Simferopol SC Tavriya Simferopol 2016 – – – – – –
Avanhard Zhytomyr FC Polissya Zhytomyr 2016 – – – – – –
KhPZ Kharkiv FC Metalist Kharkiv 2020 – – – – – –
Kryvyi Rih FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih 2020 – – – – – –
Naftovyk Okhtyrka FC Naftovyk Okhtyrka 2020 – – – – – –
USC Dovbush Chernivtsi USC Dovbush Chernivtsi 2020 – – – – – –
  • Notes:
    • Due to World War I and World War II, technically all of the clubs that competed before those wars were recreated from scratch in order to continue yet for many clubs of the Soviet part of Ukraine immediate their revival upon hostilities conditionally is considered as continuation of business. Due to recent renewed hostilities by the Russian Federation, many clubs were forced to suspend their business operations indefinitely.
    • While perceived as phoenix club of FC Dnipro, officially SC Dnipro-1 is considered to be a totally new club according to the FIFA rulings as the club did not clear its debts and refused to acknowledge them.
    • Polish club of Pogon Lwow was reestablished in Ukraine by local Polish diaspora based on Pogon Lwow of the interbellum Poland. The club competes at regional level.
    • Technically split between Metal Kharkiv and Metalist 1925 Kharkiv, in 2020 the Ukrainian Association of Football officially acknowledge heritage of the original club after Metal Kharkiv.

United States

Original club 1st Phoenix club Year established 2nd Phoenix club Year established 3rd Phoenix club Year established
Portland Timbers (1975–1982) Portland Timbers (1985–1990) 1985 Portland Timbers (2001–2010) 2001 Portland Timbers 2009
New York Giants New York Giants 1923 New York Giants 1927
New York Hakoah New York Hakoah 1956 New York Hakoah 2009
Fort Lauderdale Strikers (1977–83) Fort Lauderdale Strikers (1988–94) 1988[153] Fort Lauderdale Strikers (2006–2016) 2006
San Jose Earthquakes (1974–88)[154] San Jose Clash/Earthquakes 1994 San Jose Earthquakes 2008[155]
Seattle Sounders (1974–83)[156] Seattle Sounders (1994–2008) 1994 Seattle Sounders FC 2007
New York Cosmos (1970–85) New York Cosmos (2013–2020) 2010[157] New York Cosmos 2025[158]
Tampa Bay Rowdies (1975–93) Tampa Bay Rowdies 2010[159]
Tulsa Roughnecks (1978-1984) Tulsa Roughnecks FC (2015-2019) 2013
Austin Aztex FC Austin Aztex 2011[160]
Philadelphia Fury (1978–1980) Philadelphia Fury (2011–2019) 2011[161]
Los Angeles Wolves L.A. Wolves FC 2014[162]
FC Tulsa (NPSL) FC Tulsa 2020
Bethlehem Steel F.C. (1907–30) Bethlehem Steel FC 2015[163]
Rochester Lancers (1967–1980) Rochester Lancers (2015) 2015[164]
Philadelphia Atoms Philadelphia Atoms SC 2017[165]

Baseball

United States

Original club 1st Phoenix club Year established 2nd Phoenix club Year established 3rd Phoenix club Year established 4th Phoenix club Year established
Baltimore Orioles (1882–1899) Baltimore Orioles (1901-1902) 1901 Baltimore Orioles (1903–1914, 1916–1953) 1903 Baltimore Orioles[e] 1954
Los Angeles Angels (PCL) Los Angeles Angels 1961[166]
Miami Marlins (IL) Miami Marlins (1962–70, 1982–88) 1962 Florida/Miami Marlins 1993
Milwaukee Brewers (1884–1885) Milwaukee Brewers (1886–92) 1886 Milwaukee Brewers (1894-1901)[e] 1894 Milwaukee Brewers (1902–52) 1902 Milwaukee Brewers 1970
New York Metropolitans New York Mets 1961[167]
San Diego Padres (1936-68) San Diego Padres 1969
Washington Senators (1891–99) Washington Senators/Nationals (1901–60) 1901 Washington Senators (1961–71) 1961 Washington Nationals 2005

Basketball

Belarus

Original club Phoenix club Year established
RTI Minsk BC Minsk 2006

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Original club Phoenix club Year established
SKK Borac Banja Luka OKK Borac Banja Luka 2011
Sloboda Tuzla OKK Sloboda Tuzla 2011

Croatia

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Cedevita Zagreb Cedevita Junior
Kvarner Kvarner 2010 2010
Šibenka GKK Šibenka
Zagreb KK Zagreb

Czechia

Original club Phoenix club Year established
BK Prostejov BK Olomoucko 2017

Estonia

Original club Phoenix club Year established
KK Kalev BC Kalev 2005

Finland

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Namika Lahti Lahti Basketball 2015

France

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Paris Basket Racing Metropolitans 92 2007

Germany

Original club Phoenix club Year established
SG Braunschweig Basketball Löwen Braunschweig 2000
DJK Würzburg Würzburg Baskets

Greece

Original club Operating period Source 1st Phoenix club Operating period Source
G.S. Iraklis Thessalonikis 1921–2022 [5][6][168][169][170][171] G.S. Iraklis Agias 2022–present [172][173][174]

Italy

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Felice Scandone Avellino Basket 2021
Pallalcesto Amatori Udine APU Udine 2011
Benetton Treviso Universo Treviso 2012
S.S. Basket Napoli Napoli Basket 2016
Auxilium Pallacanestro Torino Basket Torino 2019
Viola Reggio Calabria Viola Supporters Trust 2019
Virtus Roma Virtus GVM Roma 1960 2021

Netherlands

Original club Phoenix club Year established
BV Den Helder Den Helder Suns 2016

North Macedonia

Original club Phoenix club Year established
KK Kumanovo MKK Kumanovo


Poland

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Prokom Trefl Sopot Trefl Sopot[175] 2009

Russia

Original club Phoenix club Year established
CSK VVS-Samara Krasnye Krylia 2009
Ural Great Perm Parma Perm

Serbia

Original club Phoenix club Year established 2nd Phoenix club Year established
FMP Železnik KK FMP 2011
KK Radnički Kragujevac KK Radnički Kragujevac 2009 KK SPD Radnički 2015

Slovenia

Original club Phoenix club Year established
KK Olimpija KK Cedevita Olimpija 2019
KK Koš Koper KK Koper Primorska

Spain

Original club Phoenix club Year established
CB Vetusta Oviedo CB 2004
Cáceres CB Cáceres Ciudad del Baloncesto 2007
CB Ciudad de Huelva CD Huelva Baloncesto 2008
CB Guadalajara CEBA Guadalajara 2011
CE Lleida Bàsquet Força Lleida CE 2012
Baloncesto León Fundación Baloncesto León 2012
CB Granada Fundación CB Granada 2012
Gijón Baloncesto Gijón Basket 2015
CB Valladolid Real Valladolid Baloncesto 2015
CB Lucentum Alicante Fundación Lucentum Baloncesto 2015
Menorca Bàsquet CB Menorca 2016

United Kingdom

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Thames Valley Tigers Guildford Heat[176] 2005
Manchester Giants (1975–2001) Manchester Giants[177] 2011

Ukraine

Original club Phoenix club Year established
BC Kyiv Kyiv-Basket

United States

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Portland Fire (2000-2002) Portland Fire 2024

Gridiron football

Canada

Original club Phoenix club Year established Second Phoenix Club Year established
Ottawa Rough Riders Ottawa Renegades 2002 Ottawa Redblacks 2014
Montreal Alouettes (1946-1981) Montreal Alouettes 1996

United States

Original club Phoenix club Year established Second phoenix club Year established
Albany Firebirds (1990–2003) Albany Firebirds (2002–2009) 2002 Albany Firebirds (AF1) 2024
Baltimore Colts (1947–1950) Baltimore Colts (1953–1983) 1953 Baltimore CFL Colts (1994-1995) 1994
Birmingham Stallions (1980s) Birmingham Stallions (UFL) 2022
Buffalo Bills (1946–1949) Buffalo Bills 1960
Cincinnati Bengals (1937–1941) Cincinnati Bengals 1968
Iowa Barnstormers (AFL) Iowa Barnstormers (IFL) 2008
Nashville Kats (AFL) Nashville Kats (AF1) 2024

Ice hockey

Canada

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Calgary Wranglers (WHL) Calgary Wranglers 2022
Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) Hamilton Bulldogs 2015
Ottawa Senators (original) Ottawa Senators 1992
Vancouver Canucks (WHL) Vancouver Canucks 1970
Winnipeg Jets (1972–96) Winnipeg Jets 2011

England

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Manchester Storm (1995–2002) Manchester Phoenix[178] 2003

Japan

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Nippon Paper Cranes East Hokkaido Cranes 2019

Sweden

Original club Phoenix club Year established
Hammarby Hockey (1921–2008) Hammarby Hockey[179][180] 2008

United States

Original club Phoenix club 2nd phoenix club 3rd phoenix club In operation
Bakersfield Condors Bakersfield Condors —N/a 1998–2015;
2015–
Los Angeles Monarchs Los Angeles Blades Los Angeles Kings —N/a 1944-1950;
1961-1967;
1967-
Manchester Monarchs (AHL) Manchester Monarchs (ECHL) —N/a 2001–2015;
2015–2019
Peoria Rivermen (IHL) Peoria Rivermen (ECHL) Peoria Rivermen (AHL) Peoria Rivermen (SPHL) 1984–1996;
1996–2005;
2005–2013;
2013–
Pittsburgh Hornets Pittsburgh Hornets —N/a 1936–1956;
1961–1967

Volleyball

Greece

Original club Operating period Source 1st Phoenix club Operating period Source 2nd Phoenix club Operating period Source
G.S. Iraklis Thessalonikis 1921–2015 [5][6] A.S. Iraklis 2015 2015–2021 [181][182][72] N.G.S. Iraklis Thessalonikis 1908 2021–present [183][7][8]

Notes

  1. Known as the Montreal Impact from their founding through the 2020 season.
  2. Known as the Toronto Metros from their founding through the 1974 season, and as the Toronto Metros-Croatia from 1975 to 1978.
  3. Known as the Vancouver 86ers from their founding through the 2000 season.
  4. From 2007 to 2010 the team was relocated to Granada.
  5. Ironically, the fourth iteration of the Orioles are a two-time Phoenix club, having previously served as the third iteration of the Milwaukee Brewers.

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