Sammat

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The Sammat (Sindhi: سنڌي سماٽ; sammāṭ, samāṭr, sammāṭh) is the indigenous community of Sindhi people, comprising a number of native tribes and forming a substantial portion of the Sindhi Muslim population.[1][2] Hindu Sammats are also extant.[3]

The term Sammat refers to Sindhis of indigenous origin.[4][5] Scholarship dates the presence of Sammat tribes in the region to ancient times.[6] The Sammats are regarded as a traditionally privileged group within Sindhi society.[7] Sammat rulers feature prominently in the verse of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, the eighteenth-century Sindhi poet.[3] In contemporary Sindh, the Sammat castes are conventionally ranked second to Sayeds and other castes claiming Arab descent.[8]

See also

References

  1. Jones, Allen Keith (2003). Politics in Sindh, 1907–1940: Muslim Identity and the Demand for Pakistan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 4. ISBN 9780195795936. The vast majority of the Sindhi Muslim population—roughly 70 per cent—comprised of Pukka Sindhis, persons belonging to the Jat, Sammat....
  2. Shah, Nafisa (31 December 2022). "Introduction. Honour Violence, Law and Power in Upper Sindh". Honour and Violence: Gender, Power and Law in Southern Pakistan. Berghahn Books: 16. doi:10.1515/9781785330827-006. ISBN 978-1-78533-082-7.
  3. Hussain 2022, p. 476. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHussain2022 (help)
  4. Weekes, Richard V. (1984). Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey (Second, Revised and Expanded ed.). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 685. ISBN 0-313-23392-6. Sammat to refer to those Sindhis with indigenous origins
  5. Abdulla, Ahmed (1973). The Historical Background of Pakistan and Its People. Tanzeem Publishers. p. 96. Among others are the Bhuttos, Bhattis, Lakha, Sahetas, Lohanas, Mohano, Dahars, Indhar, Chachar, Dhareja, Rathors, Dakhan, Langah etc. ... All these old Sindhi tribes are known under the common nomenclature of Sammat.
  6. Talbot, Ian (1990). Provincial Politics and the Pakistan Movement: The Growth of the Muslim League in North-West and North-East India 1937–47 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 37. ISBN 9780195773873.
  7. Hussain 2022, p. 469. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHussain2022 (help)
  8. Hussain 2022, p. 487. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHussain2022 (help)

Bibliography