Phonology
Vowels
Vowels/Combinations of the Shuangfeng dialect
|
Oral |
Nasal |
|---|
| Medial |
∅ |
coda |
a |
e |
i |
u |
n |
ŋ |
∅ |
i |
| Nucleus |
∅ |
|
|
|
|
|
əu |
|
ɒŋ |
æ̃ |
|
| Vowel |
i |
|
ia |
ie |
|
|
iɛn |
iɒŋ |
ĩ |
iĩ |
| y |
|
ya |
ye |
|
|
yɛn |
|
|
|
| a |
|
|
|
|
|
an |
|
|
|
| e |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| o |
io |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ɤ |
iɤ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ʊ |
iʊ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| u |
|
ua |
ue |
ui |
|
uan |
|
|
uĩ |
| Syllabic |
ɹ̩ |
|
|
|
|
|
n̩ |
|
m̩ |
|
| ɻ̩ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tones
Phonemically, Shuangfeng dialect has three tones. Phonetically, however, the pitch of a syllable depends on the voicing of the initial consonant so the tones are counted as five:
Tone chart of the Shuangfeng dialect
| Tone number | Tone name | Tone contour | Description |
| 1 |
yin ping (陰平) | ˥ (55) | high |
| 2 |
yang ping (陽平) | ˨˧ (23) | low rising |
| 3 |
shang sheng (上聲) | ˨˩ (21) | low |
| 4 |
yin qu (陰去) | ˧˥ (35) | high rising |
| 5 |
yang qu (陽去) | ˧ (33) | mid |
References
- Běijīng dàxué zhōngguó yǔyán wénxué xì yǔyán xué jiàoyánshì. (1989) Hànyǔ fāngyīn zìhuì. Běijīng: Wénzì gǎigé chūbǎn shè.(北京大學中國語言文學系語言學教研室. 1989. 漢語方音字匯. 北京: 文字改革出版社)
- Coblin, W. South. (2011). Comparative Phonology of the Central Xiāng Dialects. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.
- Norman, Jerry. [1988] (2002). Chinese. Cambridge, England: CUP ISBN 0-521-29653-6
- Wu, Yunji. (2005). A Synchronic and diachronic study of the grammar of the Chinese Xiang dialects. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-018366-8
- Yuán, jiāhuá (1989). Hànyǔ fāngyán gàiyào (An introduction to Chinese dialects). Beijing, China: Wénzì gǎigé chūbǎn shè. (袁家驊. 1989. 漢語方言概要. 北京:文字改革出版社.)