Cairo International Airport

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Cairo International Airport
مطار القاهرة الدولي
Maṭār El Qāhira A Dawli
Cairo International Airport in 2016
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerEgyptian Holding Company for Airports and Air Navigation
OperatorCairo Airport Company
ServesGreater Cairo
LocationHeliopolis, Cairo
Opened1963
Hub for
Elevation AMSL382 ft / 116 m
Coordinates30°07′19″N 31°24′20″E / 30.12194°N 31.40556°E / 30.12194; 31.40556
Websitecairo-airport.com
Maps
CAI is located in Egypt
CAI
CAI
Interactive map of Cairo International Airport
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
05L/23R 3,300 10,827 Asphalt
05C/23C 4,000 13,123 Asphalt
05R/23L 4,000 13,123 Asphalt
Statistics (2025)
Passengers30,944,269
Economic impact (2024)$2.0 billion[1]
Social impact (2024)211.5 thousand[1]
Sources: Airport website[2] and DAFIF[3][4]
Passenger statistics[1]

Cairo International Airport (IATA: CAI, ICAO: HECA) (Arabic: مطار القاهرة الدولي; Maṭār El Qāhira El Dawli) is the main international airport serving Cairo and its metropolitan area. It is the largest and busiest airport in Egypt. The airport serves as the primary hub for EgyptAir and Nile Air as well as several other airlines.[5][6][7] The airport is located in Heliopolis, to the northeast of Cairo around fifteen kilometres (eight nautical miles) from the business area of the city and has an area of approximately 37 km2 (14 sq mi). It is the busiest airport in Africa and the 9th busiest airport in the Middle East in terms of total passengers.[8]

History

During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) built John Payne Field Air Force Base[9] to serve the Allied Forces, rather than take over the existing Almaza Airport located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away. Payne Field was a major Air Transport Command air cargo and passenger hub, connecting westwards through Benghazi Airport (during the war known as Soluch Airfield) to Algiers airport on the North African route to Dakar Airport, in French West Africa.

Other locations that transport routes were flown were RAF Habbaniya, Iraq on the Cairo – Karachi, India route; Lydda Airport, British Palestine; Jeddah, Arabia, on the Central African route to Roberts Field, Liberia (1941–1943), and later, after the war ended, Athens, Greece and on to destinations in Europe.

When American forces left the base at the end of the war, the Civil Aviation Authority took over the facility and began using it for international civil aviation. In 1963, Cairo International Airport replaced the old Heliopolis Airport, which had been located at the Hike-Step area in the east of Cairo.[10]

The airport is administered by the Egyptian Holding Company for Airports and Air Navigation, which controls the Cairo Airport Company, the Egyptian Airports Company, National Air Navigation Services and Aviation Information Technology, and the Cairo Airport Authority. In 2004, Fraport AG won the management contract to run the airport for eight years, with options to extend the contract twice in one-year increments.[11]

Terminals

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 is the oldest terminal currently in operation, having been inaugurated on 18 March 1963 by President Gamal Abdel Nasser.[12] Over the years, the terminal witnessed several expansion projects; a second hall was constructed between 1977–79 and a third one was completed in 1980. In the early 2000s, work commenced on the renovation of the ground floor, along with the addition of an expanded departure hall containing a mezzanine floor, thereby allowing more natural light into the terminal. All phases of the project were completed by the end of 2003.[12]

Terminal 2

Cairo Duty-Free at Cairo Airport Terminal 2
Terminal 1 interior

Terminal 2 was originally inaugurated in 1986 with a relatively compact design that included seven boarding gates and limited expansion capability. As passenger traffic increased, the terminal's layout became a constraint on capacity and operational efficiency, contributing to the need for a comprehensive redevelopment programme.[13]

In response to rising demand, the World Bank approved a US$280 million loan in 2010 to support the Cairo Airport Development Project, which included the rehabilitation and expansion of Terminal 2.[14] The project involved demolishing and reconstructing significant portions of the existing terminal to modernise infrastructure and increase passenger handling capacity.[15]

Major construction works began in 2012, focusing on the development of new terminal buildings, departure and arrival halls, and an expanded airside pier, alongside upgrades to baggage handling systems and landside and airside infrastructure.[16][17]

The project reached provisional completion in July 2016, and the terminal was reopened in phases beginning in late September of that year.[18][19][20]

Following redevelopment, Terminal 2's capacity increased significantly, with the number of gates rising from seven to fourteen and infrastructure upgraded to accommodate wide-body aircraft, including the Airbus A380.[21][22]

The upgraded terminal includes modern check-in areas, baggage handling systems, expanded retail and passenger facilities, and improved landside and airside connectivity, and operates in conjunction with Terminal 3 as part of an integrated terminal complex.[23]

Terminal 3

Given projected passenger growth and limited expansion capacity at Terminal 2, the Egyptian Ministry of Civil Aviation initiated construction of Terminal 3 in 2004.[24] The terminal was inaugurated on 18 December 2008 and opened for commercial operations on 27 April 2009.[25]

Terminal 3 was constructed adjacent to Terminal 2 and connected via a linking bridge, forming part of a wider expansion programme to increase the airport's overall capacity.[26] Upon completion of its first phase, the terminal was designed to handle approximately 11 million passengers annually.[27]

Following its opening, EgyptAir transferred its domestic and international operations to Terminal 3 as part of a restructuring of its Cairo hub.[28] In line with the Star Alliance "Move Under One Roof" strategy, member airlines serving Cairo were subsequently consolidated into the terminal.[29]

Terminal 3 serves as the primary hub for EgyptAir and its alliance partners and is the largest terminal at Cairo International Airport.[30] The facility includes multiple concourses and piers serving both domestic and international traffic, with contact and remote stands, and infrastructure capable of handling large aircraft such as the Airbus A380.[31]

Additional facilities include check-in areas, baggage handling systems, retail space, food and beverage outlets, and upgraded landside infrastructure, including access roads and parking facilities.[32]

Seasonal flight terminal

The terminal has an annual capacity of 3.2 million passengers with 27 check-in counters and 7 gates with a common gate and single security concept, the first in Cairo. It is designed to handle 1,200 passengers per hour. Passengers will be bussed to remote aircraft stands around Terminal 3. Its purpose is to ease operational strains on the existing terminals during pilgrim seasons.[33]

Future developments

Proposed Terminal 4

Plans for a fourth passenger terminal at Cairo International Airport have emerged as part of a broader strategy by the Egyptian Ministry of Civil Aviation to expand capacity and strengthen the airport's role as a regional aviation hub. The project has been described by government officials as a major national infrastructure initiative aimed at accommodating rising passenger demand and enhancing operational efficiency.[34][35]

Initial planning and feasibility work for the terminal dates back to at least 2023, when the Cairo Airport Company signed memoranda of understanding with international partners to explore the design and development of a new "smart" terminal incorporating advanced technologies and modern operational systems.[36]

By 2025, the project had entered initial implementation phases, with officials describing Terminal 4 as a key component of Egypt's long-term aviation development programme and a step toward transforming Cairo into a global transit hub.[37] Government statements emphasised the integration of digital systems, including automated passenger processing and smart airport technologies, as part of wider efforts to modernise airport infrastructure.[38]

The proposed terminal is expected to substantially increase the airport's passenger capacity. Official estimates indicate that Terminal 4 could accommodate at least 30 million passengers annually, potentially raising the airport's total capacity to more than 60 million passengers per year once completed.[39][40] The project has been reported to carry an estimated cost of between US$3.5 billion and US$4.5 billion.[41][42]

Construction of Terminal 4 is expected to take approximately four years once fully underway, with early reports suggesting a potential opening as early as 2030.[43][44] As of 2026, the project remains in the planning and early development stages, with ongoing discussions regarding financing, design, and potential private-sector participation in management and operations.[45]

Facilities

Overview

Airport entrance

The airport has four terminals, the third (and largest) opened on 27 April 2009 and the Seasonal Flights Terminal opened on 20 September 2011. Terminal 2 was closed in April 2010 for major renovation works and was reopened on 28 September 2016. A third parallel runway replaced the crossing runway in 2010.[46] Runway 05L/23R is 3,301 metres (10,830 ft) long, 05C/23C has a length of 4,000 metres (13,000 ft), and the new runway is designated as 05R/23L and is 3,999 metres (13,120 ft) long.

Terminal transfer

Obelisk of Ramses II at Cairo International Airport

Airport hotel

A luxury 350-room five-star Le Méridien hotel opened in front of Terminal 3 in December 2013.[47] The hotel is linked to the terminal by a 230-metre-long (750 ft) skyway that is also equipped with a moving walkway.

Statistics

The sharp decline in 2020 was caused by the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide and in Egypt.

The latest statistics show 30.94 million passengers in 2025.[48]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinations
Aegean Airlines Athens,[49] Thessaloniki (begins 23 September 2026)[50]
Aeroflot Moscow–Sheremetyevo
Air Algérie Addis Ababa
Air Arabia Abha,[51] Abu Dhabi,[52][51] Bergamo,[51] Dammam,[51][53] Gassim,[51] Ha'il,[51] Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen,[51][54] Jeddah,[51] Jizan,[51] Kuwait City, Muscat,[51][55] Ras Al Khaimah,[51] Riyadh,[51] Sharjah,[51] Tabuk,[51] Ta'if[51]
Air Cairo Abha, Abu Simbel, Al Jawf, Amman–Queen Alia, Aswan, Athens (begins 24 July 2026),[56] Bologna, Catania, Cologne/Bonn, Gassim,[57] Hurghada, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen, Jeddah,[57] Jizan, Kuwait City, Luxor, Málaga, Marsa Alam, Milan–Malpensa, Riyadh,[57] Rome–Fiumicino, Sharm El Sheikh, Sohag, Tabuk, Tangier, Tripoli-Mitiga,[58] Yerevan
Seasonal: Antalya, Verona
Air China Beijing–Capital
Air Montenegro Seasonal charter: Podgorica[59]
AJet Ankara,[60] Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
Alexandria Airlines Jeddah
Austrian Airlines Vienna
Azerbaijan Airlines Seasonal charter: Baku[61]
British AirwaysLondon-Heathrow[62][63][64][65]
Condor Frankfurt[66]
China Eastern Airlines Shanghai–Pudong
Egyptair Abidjan,[51][67] Abu Dhabi,[51] Abuja,[51] Accra,[51] Addis Ababa,[51] Amman–Queen Alia,[51] Amsterdam,[51] Asmara,[51] Aswan,[51] Athens,[51] Bahrain,[51] Barcelona,[51] Beijing–Capital,[68] Benghazi, Berlin,[51] Birmingham (begins 27 October 2026)[69], Brussels,[51] Budapest,[51] Casablanca,[51] Chicago–O'Hare,[70] Copenhagen,[51] Dammam,[51] Dar es Salaam,[51] Delhi,[51] Dhaka,[71] Djibouti,[51] Doha,[72] Douala,[51] Dubai–International,[51] Dublin,[51] Düsseldorf,[51][73] El Kharga,[74] Entebbe,[51] Frankfurt,[51] Gassim,[51] Geneva,[51] Hangzhou,[75] Hurghada,[51] Istanbul,[51] Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta,[51] Jeddah,[51] Johannesburg–O.R. Tambo,[76] Juba,[51] Kano,[51] Kigali,[51] Kinshasa–N'djili,[51][77] Kuwait City, Lagos,[51] Larnaca,[51] London–Heathrow,[51] Los Angeles,[78] Luxor,[51] Madrid,[51] Manchester,[51] Marsa Alam,[51] Milan–Malpensa,[51] Misrata, Mogadishu, Moscow–Domodedovo, Mumbai,[51] Munich,[51] Muscat,[51] Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta,[51] N'Djamena,[51] New York-JFK,[79] Newark, Paris–Charles de Gaulle,[51] Port Sudan,[51][80] Prague,[51][81] Riyadh,[51] Rome–Fiumicino,[51] Shanghai–Pudong, Sharjah,[51] Sharm El Sheikh,[51] Tokyo–Narita,[51] Toronto–Pearson,[51] Tripoli–Mitiga,[82] Tunis,[83] Venice [84], Vienna,[51] Washington–Dulles, Zanzibar (begins 4 September 2026)[85], Zürich[51]
Emirates Dubai–International[86]
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa[87]
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi[88]
Eurowings Düsseldorf[89]
Flyadeal Dammam, Jeddah, Riyadh[90]
Seasonal: Abha
FlyBaghdad Najaf[91]
Flynas Dammam, Medina,[92] Riyadh[93]
Gulf Air Bahrain[94]
Hainan Airlines Shenzhen
Iberia Express Madrid
ITA Airways Rome–Fiumicino[95]
Jazeera Airways Kuwait City[96]
Jordan Aviation Amman–Queen Alia[97]
Kuwait Airways Kuwait City[98]
Libyan Airlines Tripoli–Mitiga[99]
LOT Polish Airlines Warsaw–Chopin
Lufthansa Frankfurt
Neos Milan–Malpensa[100]
Nesma Airlines Al Jawf, Dammam, Kuwait City,[101] Milan–Malpensa
Nile Air Abha,[102] Al Ain,[102] Al Jawf, Arar, Aswan,[102] Bergamo, Cologne/Bonn,[103] Gassim,[102] Ha'il,[102] Hurghada,[104] Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen,[102] Jeddah, Jizan,[102] Kuwait, Luxor,[102] Najran, Neom Bay, Rome–Fiumicino, Sharjah, Sharm El Sheikh,[102] Sohag, Stockholm–Arlanda, Tabuk,[102] Ta'if,[102] Yanbu
Qatar Airways Doha[105]
Riyadh Air Riyadh[106]
Rossiya Airlines Sochi[107]
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca[108]
Royal Jordanian Amman–Queen Alia
Saudia Jeddah,[109] Neom Bay, Riyadh[110]
SCAT Airlines Şymkent
Sichuan Airlines Beijing–Capital, Chengdu–Tianfu
Sudan Airways Port Sudan[111]
Smartwings Seasonal charter: Prague
SunExpress Seasonal: Antalya
Swiss International Air Lines Zürich[112]
TAROM Bucharest–Otopeni
Transavia Amsterdam, Lyon, Marseille, Paris–Orly
Tunisair Tunis[113]
Turkish Airlines Istanbul
Vueling Barcelona, Paris–Orly
Yemenia Mukhalla

Cargo

AirlinesDestinations
Cargolux[114] Beirut, Luxembourg
DHL Aviation[115] Bahrain
Egyptair Cargo[116] Accra, Amman–Queen Alia, Brussels, Cologne/Bonn, Dammam, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Istanbul, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Kano, Kuwait, Lagos, Lahore, Mauritius, Milan–Malpensa, Mumbai, N'Djamena, Ostend/Bruges, Riyadh, Sharjah
Emirates SkyCargo[117] Dubai–Al Maktoum
Ethiopian Airlines Cargo[118] Addis Ababa, Beirut, Liège
Lufthansa Cargo[119] Frankfurt
KLM Cargo[120] Amsterdam
Royal Jordanian Cargo[121] Amman–Queen Alia
Turkish Cargo[122] Istanbul

Ground transport

PassengersYear5,000,00010,000,00015,000,00020,000,00025,000,00030,000,00035,000,0001995200020052010201520202025PassengersAnnual passenger traffic

Limousines and shuttle buses

There are several ways to leave Cairo airport upon arrival. The most convenient way is by one of the numerous "limousine services". Pick-up points are in front of the terminals (curb side). The prices are fixed depending on the destination and the car category, but different providers may charge wildly different prices. Category A are luxury limousines (e.g. Mercedes-Benz E-Class), Category B are micro buses for up to seven passengers, Category C are midsized cars (e.g. Mitsubishi Lancer) and new Category D are London Taxis.[123]

Public transport

Internal Cairo Airport Shuttle – shuffling passengers between Terminals 1, 2, 3 and the Cairo Airport Bus Terminal

A shuttle bus connects with all the passenger terminals and finally stops at the Cairo Airport Bus Terminal where public buses heading to other destinations in Cairo and connect frequently to major transportation hubs like Abbasia and Tahrir Square/Abdel-Moniem Riad bus terminus.

However, there were efforts by Transport for Cairo (TFC) to map the major bus routes and metro lines in Cairo.[124] Having this map in hand is useful.[125]

Also, scheduling and route information of both the public Cairo Transportation Authority[126] (CTA) and Mwasalat Mirs (MM)[127] buses are now readily available on Google Transit and can be accessed using the Google Maps app and website.[128][129]

Taxi

With the exception of the so-called (and increasingly scarce) "Black and White" cabs, all regular Cairo taxis (colloquially known as the White taxi) are equipped with digital taxi meters. Taxi drivers in Cairo are legally required to switch on their taxi meters the moment they pick up a new client (See video on Mada Masr).[130] However, some taxi drivers will try to manipulate how the meter counts the distance driven (by electronically tampering with their meters).[131]

Ride sharing

An affordable and reliable form of private transport readily available in Cairo are the popular ride-sharing mobile phone app based services such as Uber.[132]

Car

The airport can be reached via Oroba Road from Heliopolis or via the new road, connecting Terminal 3 with the Cairo Ring Road and Suez Road interchange.[133] The toll for driving into the airport grounds is approximately 30 EGP, depending on the type of the vehicle.[134]

Note: Cairo-Suez road is part of the Arab Mashreq International Road Network, designated as the Motorway 50/M50. It connects Cairo to Suez, South Sinai through the Ahmed Hamdi Tunnel under the Suez Canal, then to Israel via the Taba Border Crossing, Jordan via the Wadi Araba Crossing, to Saudi Arabia via Durra Border Crossing, and then finally into Iraq via the Arar border crossing where the road ends in the capital, Baghdad.[135]

Accidents and incidents

  • On 20 February 1956, a Transports Aériens Intercontinentaux Douglas DC-6B on a scheduled Saigon-Karachi-Cairo-Paris flight crashed on approach to Cairo airport, killing 52 of the 63 people on board.
  • On 12 June 1961, KLM Flight 823, a Lockheed L-188 Electra crashed 4 km (2.5 mi) SE of Cairo Airport because of the pilot-in-command's inattention to his instruments. Three crew and 17 passengers were killed out of the 36 passengers and crew on board.[136]
  • On 15 May 1962, a United Arab Airlines Douglas DC-3 crashed shortly after takeoff for a cargo flight to Beirut. All three occupants died.[137]
  • On 19 March 1965, Vickers Viscount YI-ACU of Iraqi Airways was damaged beyond economic repair when it ran into a number of lamp standards after a hydraulic system failure.[138]
  • On 15 January 1968, Douglas DC-3 SU-AJG of United Arab Airlines departed on an international scheduled cargo flight to Beirut when the crew decided to return due to icing. The aircraft subsequently broke up in mid-air and crashed at Zefta, killing all four people on board. The cargo shifting in flight and the aircraft being 500 kilograms (1,100 lb) overloaded may have contributed to the accident.[139]
  • On 10 June 1986, an Air Sinai Fokker F-27 Friendship upon returning to Cairo crashed short of the runway while approaching in a sandstorm, colliding with the side of a building and catching fire. All five crew and 18 passengers of the 26 on board were killed.[140]
  • On 31 March 1988, an Arax Airlines Douglas DC-8 crashed on its second takeoff attempt at the runway end because of an engine fire. All four occupants died.[141]
  • On 29 July 2011, EgyptAir Flight 667 caught fire while parked at the terminal just before its scheduled flight to Saudi Arabia. Everyone on board was able to quickly evacuate the aircraft.[142]

Accolades

See also

References

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

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