Comparison of orthographies of languages of the Philippines

The Commission on the Filipino Language (Filipino: Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino) has published several standardized prescriptive orthographies for select languages of the Philippines. This article compares these orthographies.

List of orthographies

Language (English name)	Language (listed name)	Title	Year published	In collaboration with	Filipino translation	Phoneme (IPA) chart	Phoneme-Grapheme correspondence	Wordlist	Ref.
Northern Alta	Alta	Ortograpiyang ti Alta	2024	Alta community in Diteki					[1]
Bataan Ayta	Ayta Magbukun	Urtugrapiya ung Ayta Magbukun	2024	Ayta Magbukun community, Department of Education Division of Bataan, Summer Institute of Linguistics Philippines					[2]
Bikol languages[note 1]	Bikol[note 1]	Giya sa Orograpiyang Bikol	2012	—N/a	Partial				[3]
Buhi'non Bikol	Boînën (Boinen)	Ortograpiyang Boînën	2023	Department of Education Division of Camarines Sur, Purok of North Buhi, Buhi Central School, Translators Association of the Philippines					[4]
Filipino	Filipino	Ortograpiyang Pambansa / KWF Manwal sa Masinop na Pagsulat	2014	—N/a	—N/a				[5]
Eastern Bontoc[note 2]	Finallíg (Finallig)	Ortograpiyan nan Finallíg ay Kali	2026	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	[6]
Gaddang	Gaddang	Ortografíya na Gaddang	2019	Department of Education Divisions of Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela, Cauayan City, Santiago City, Translators Association of the Philippines					[7]
Eastern Subanun	G̓insëlug̓ën Sub̓anën (Ginsëlugën Subanën)	Ortograpiya në G̓insëlug̓ën Sub̓anën	2026	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	[8]
Hiligaynon	Hiligaynon	Ortograpiya sang Hiligaynon	2022	West Visayas State University, Leon National High School, Hubon Manunulat					[9]
Higaonon	Hinigaunon	Ortograpiya ha Hinigaunon	2023	Department of Education Division of Gingoog City, Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental, Iligan, El Salvador City, Northern Mindanao, Translators Association of the Philippines					[10]
Ibaloi	Ibalóy (Ibaloy)	Ortograpiya ni Ibalóy	2016	Department of Education Division of Benguet					[11]
Ilocano	Ilokano	Tarabay iti Ortograpia ti Pagsasao nga Ilokano	2022 (1st edition: 2012)	—N/a					[12]
Ata	Inata	Ortograpiyang Inata	2024	Ata community in Sitio Manara, Barangay Celestino Villacin, Negros Occidental					[13]
Itawis	Itáwit (Itawit)	Ortograpiya Itáwit	2016	Department of Education Division of Cagayan Valley					[14]
Kalanguya	Kalangúya (Kalanguya)	Ortograpiya ni Kalangúya	2016	Department of Education Division of Benguet					[15]
Kankanaey	Kankanaëy (Kankanaey)	Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy	2016	Department of Education Division of Benguet					[16]
Kapampangan	Kapampangan	Bayung Ortograpiyang Kapampangan	2016	Provincial government of Pampanga, Angeles University Foundation	Partial				[17]
Eastern Bontoc[note 2]	Kenachakrán (Kenachakran)	Ortograpiyan chi Kenachakrán ay Kali	2026	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	[18]
Kamayo	Kinamayú (Kinamayu)	Ortograpiya na Kinamayú	2017	Department of Education Division of Surigao del Sur, Bislig City, Surigao del Sur State University – Lianga Campus, Translators Association of the Philippines					[19]
Eastern Bontoc [note 2]	Liniyás (Liniyas)	Ortograpiyan nan Liniyás ay Kali	2026	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD	[20]
Malaweg	Malawég (Malaweg)	Ortograpiya ya Malawég	2016	Department of Education Division of Cagayan Valley					[21]
Pangasinan	Pangasinan	Ortograpiya na Salítan Pangasinan	2016	Pangasinan Historical and Cultural Commission					[22]
Paranan	Paranan	Ortograpiya ni Paranan	2020	Department of Education Division of Isabela					[23]
Cebuano	Sebwáno (Sebwano)	Giya sa Ortograpiyang Sinugbuánong Binisayâ (Sebwáno)	2022	University of San Carlos, Cebu Normal University, Cebu Technological University					[24]
Sorsogon[note 3]	Sorsoganon[note 3]	Ortograpiyang Sorsoganon	2024	Bicol University					[25]
Tagbanwa[note 4]	Tinagbanwa[note 4]	Ortograpiyang Tinagbanwa	2024	Translators Association of the Philippines, Summer Institute of Linguistics, Tagbanwa community in Coron, Palawan					[26]
Waray	Waráy (Waray)	Ortograpiya han Waray	Unknown	—N/a					[27]
Yogad	Yogad	Ortografiya nu Yogad	2021	Department of Education Division of Isabela, Cauayan City, various elementary & high schools					[28]

Comparison

Alphabet

"B" indicates a borrowed letter.

Language	Aa	Bb	Cc	Dd	Ee	Ëë	Ff	Gg	G̓g̓	Hh	Ii	Jj	Kk	Ll	LLll	Mm	Nn	Ññ	NGng	Oo	Pp	Qq	Rr	Ss	S̃s̃	Tt	T̃t̃	Uu	Vv	Ww	W̓w̓	Xx	Yy	Zz
Filipino name	ey	bi	si	di	i	i patuldok	ef	ji	ji kuwit-taas	eyts	ay	jey	key	el	el ye	em	en	enye / eñe	enji	o	pi	kyu	ar	es	es tilde	ti	ti tilde	yu	vi	dobolyu	dobulyu kuwit-taas	eks	way	zi
Alta			B				B					B						B				B							B			B		B
Ayta Magbukun
Bikol			B				B					B						B				B							B			B		B
Boînën			B		B		B			B		B						B				B						B	B			B		B
Filipino			B				B					B						B				B							B			B		B
Gaddang			B				B			B		B						B				B							B			B		B
Hiligaynon			B				B					B						B				B							B			B		B
Hinigaunon			B		B		B					B						B				B							B			B		B
Ibalóy			B															B				B										B		B
Ilokano			B				B					B			B			B				B							B			B		B
Inata			B		B		B											B				B							B			B		B
Itáwit			B															B				B										B
Kalanguya			B				B					B						B				B							B			B		B
Kankanaëy			B				B					B						B				B							B			B		B
Kapampangan			B				B			B		B						B				B							B			B		B
Kinamayú			B		B		B					B						B		B		B							B			B		B
Malawég			B				B					B						B				B							B			B		B
Pangasinan			B				B					B						B				B							B			B		B
Paranan			B				B					B						B				B							B			B		B
Sebwáno			B				B					B						B				B							B			B		B
Sorsoganon			B				B					B						B				B							B			B		B
Tinagbanwa			B		B		B			B		B						B		B		B							B			B		B
Waray			B				B					B						B				B							B			B		B
Yogad			B				B					B						B				B							B			B		B

Diacritics

	◌́ Stressed vowel	◌̀ Glottal stop at end	◌̂ Stressed vowel and glottal stop at end	◌̈ For "Ëë" to represent /ə/	◌̄ Long vowel	◌̓	◌͡◌ For vowel clusters that have no glottal stop in between	◌̃
Filipino name	pahilís	paiwà	pakupyâ	patuldok	pahaba	kuwit-taas	arko	tilde
Combinations	á é ë́ í ó ú	à è ë̀ ì ò ù	â ê ë̂ î ô û	ë	ā ē ī ō ū	g̓ w̓	a͡a a͡i a͡o a͡ë ë͡ë i͡i o͡o a͡â a͡î a͡ô a͡ë̂ e͡ë̂ i͡î o͡ô	s̃ t̃
Alta
Ayta Magbukun
Bikol
Boînën						For "G̓g̓" to represent /ɰ/
Filipino
Gaddang
Hiligaynon
Hinigaunon
Ibaloi
Ilokano
Inata
Itáwit
Kalangúya
Kankanaëy
Kapampangan
Kinamayú					For "Ūū" and "Āā"
Malawég
Pangasinan
Paranan
Sebwáno
Sorsoganon
Tinagbanwa						For "G̓g̓" to denote /ɣ/ or /h/; For "W̓w̓" to denote /β̞/ or /w/		For "S̃s̃" to denote /tʃ/ or /s/; For "T̃t̃" to denote /t/ or /tʃ/
Waray
Yogad

Syllable structure

Language	V	VV	CV	VC	CVV	VVC	CVC	VCC	CCV	CCVV	CCVC	CVCC	CVVC	CVVCC	CCVCC	CCVVCC	CCVCCC
Alta
Ayta Magbukun
Bikol
Boînën
Filipino
Gaddang
Hiligaynon
Hinigaunon
Ibaloi
Ilokano
Inata
Itáwit
Kalangúya
Kankanaëy
Kapampangan
Kinamayú
Malawég
Pangasinan
Paranan
Sebwáno
Sorsoganon
Tinagbanwa
Waray
Yogad

Notes

See also

• Filipino alphabet

References