Events
1601–1900
- 1620 – Plymouth Colony: William Bradford and the Mayflower Pilgrims land near what is now known as Plymouth Rock in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
- 1826 – American settlers in Nacogdoches, Mexican Texas, declare their independence, starting the Fredonian Rebellion.
- 1832 – Egyptian–Ottoman War: Egyptian forces decisively defeat Ottoman troops at the Battle of Konya.
- 1844 – The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers commences business at its cooperative in Rochdale, England, starting the Cooperative movement.
- 1861 – Medal of Honor: Public Resolution 82, containing a provision for a Navy Medal of Valor, is signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln.
- 1872 – Challenger expedition: HMS Challenger, commanded by Captain George Nares, sails from Portsmouth, England.
- 1879 – the fictional character of Nora Helmer is first portrayed by Betty Hennings at a showing of A Doll's House at the Royal Danish Theatre.[6]
- 1883 – The Royal Canadian Dragoons and The Royal Canadian Regiment, the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the Canadian Army, are formed.
1901–present
- 1907 – The Chilean Army commits a massacre of at least 2,000 striking saltpeter miners in Iquique, Chile.[7]
- 1910 – An underground explosion at the Hulton Bank Colliery No. 3 Pit in Over Hulton, Westhoughton, England, kills 344 miners.
- 1919 – American anarchist Emma Goldman is deported to Russia.
- 1923 – United Kingdom and Nepal formally sign an agreement of friendship, called the Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923, which superseded the Treaty of Sugauli signed in 1816.
- 1934 – Lieutenant Kijé, one of Sergei Prokofiev's best-known works, premiered.[8]
- 1941 – World War II: A Thai-Japanese Pact of Alliance is signed.
- 1946 – An 8.1 Mw earthquake and subsequent tsunami in Nankaidō, Japan, kills over 1,300 people and destroys over 38,000 homes.
- 1963 – "Bloody Christmas" begins in Cyprus, ultimately resulting in the displacement of 25,000–30,000 Turkish Cypriots and destruction of more than 100 villages.
- 1965 – International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination is adopted.
- 1967 – Louis Washkansky, the first man to undergo a human-to-human heart transplant, dies in Cape Town, South Africa, having lived for 18 days after the transplant.
- 1968 – Apollo program: Apollo 8 is launched from the Kennedy Space Center, placing its crew on a lunar trajectory for the first visit to another celestial body by humans.
- 1973 – The Geneva Conference on the Arab–Israeli conflict opens.
- 1979 – Lancaster House Agreement: An independence agreement for Rhodesia is signed in London by Lord Carrington, Sir Ian Gilmour, Robert Mugabe, Joshua Nkomo, Bishop Abel Muzorewa and S.C. Mundawarara.
- 1988 – A bomb explodes on board Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, killing 270.[9] This is to date the deadliest air disaster to occur on British soil.
- 1991 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: The leaders of 11 now effectively autonomous Soviet republics sign the Alma-Ata Protocol establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States in place of the collapsing Soviet Union.[10]
- 1992 – A Dutch DC-10, flight Martinair MP 495, crashes at Faro Airport, Portugal, killing 56.
- 1995 – The city of Bethlehem passes from Israeli to Palestinian control.
- 1999 – The Spanish Civil Guard intercepts a van loaded with 950 kg of explosives that ETA intended to use to blow up Torre Picasso in Madrid, Spain.
- 1999 – Cubana de Aviación Flight 1216 overshoots the runway at La Aurora International Airport, killing 18.[11]
- 2004 – Iraq War: A suicide bomber kills 22 at the forward operating base next to the main U.S. military airfield at Mosul, Iraq, the single deadliest suicide attack on American soldiers in Iraq.
- 2012 – 2012 phenomenon: Festivities are held in parts of Mesoamerica to commemorate the conclusion of b'ak'tun 13, a roughly 5,126-year-long cycle in the Mesoamerican Long Count Calendar whose passing many New Age spiritualists had earlier held to portend a variety of cataclysmic or transformative events.[12]
- 2020 – A great conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn occurs, with the two planets separated in the sky by 0.1 degrees. This is the closest conjunction between the two planets since 1623.[13]
- 2022 – A Vega C rocket carrying two Pléiades Neo satellites fails after liftoff.[14]
- 2023 – Fourteen people are killed and 25 others injured during a mass shooting at Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic.[15]
Births
Pre-1600
- 968 – Minamoto no Yorinobu, Japanese samurai (died 1048)
- 1401 – Masaccio, Italian painter (died 1428)[16]
- 1468 – William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers, English baron (died 1524)
- 1505 – Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton, English politician (died 1550)[17]
- 1538 – Luigi d'Este, Catholic cardinal (died 1586)
- 1542 – Thomas Allen, English mathematician and astrologer (died 1632)
- 1550 – Man Singh I, Mughal noble (died 1614)[18]
- 1596 – Peter Mohyla, Ruthenian Orthodox metropolitan and saint (died 1646)
1601–1900
- 1603 – Roger Williams, English minister, theologian, and politician, 9th President of the Colony of Rhode Island (died 1684)
- 1615 – Benedict Arnold, Rhode Island colonial governor (died 1678)[19]
- 1672 – Benjamin Schmolck, German pastor and composer (died 1737)
- 1714 – John Bradstreet, Canadian-English general (died 1774)
- 1728 – Hermann Raupach, German harpsichord player and composer (died 1778)
- 1778 – Anders Sandøe Ørsted, Danish jurist and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Denmark (died 1860)
- 1795 – Jack Russell, English priest, hunter, and dog breeder (died 1883)
- 1795 – Leopold von Ranke, German historian, author, and academic (died 1886)[20]
- 1803 – Achille Vianelli, Italian painter and academic (died 1894)
- 1804 – Benjamin Disraeli, English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1881)[21]
- 1805 – Thomas Graham, Scottish chemist and academic (died 1869)
- 1811 – Archibald Tait, Scottish-English archbishop (died 1882)
- 1815 – Thomas Couture, French painter and educator (died 1879)
- 1820 – William H. Osborn, American businessman (died 1894)
- 1830 – Bartolomé Masó, Cuban soldier and politician (died 1907)
- 1832 – John H. Ketcham, American general and politician (died 1906)
- 1840 – Ernest de Munck, Belgian cellist and composer[22] (died 1915)[23]
- 1840 – Namık Kemal, Turkish journalist, playwright, and activist (died 1888)
- 1843 – Thomas Bracken, Irish-New Zealander journalist, poet, and politician (died 1898)
- 1850 – Zdeněk Fibich, Czech composer and poet (died 1900)
- 1851 – Thomas Chipman McRae, American lawyer and politician, 26th Governor of Arkansas (died 1929)
- 1857 – Joseph Carruthers, Australian politician, 16th Premier of New South Wales (died 1932)
- 1859 – Gustave Kahn, French poet and critic (died 1936)
- 1866 – Maud Gonne, Irish nationalist and political activist (died 1953)[24]
- 1868 – George W. Fuller, American chemist and engineer (died 1934)
- 1872 – Trevor Kincaid, Canadian-American zoologist and academic (died 1970)
- 1872 – Lorenzo Perosi, Italian priest and composer (died 1956)
- 1872 – Albert Payson Terhune, American journalist and author (died 1942)
- 1876 – Jack Lang, Australian lawyer and politician, 23rd Premier of New South Wales (died 1975)
- 1877 – Jaan Sarv, Estonian mathematician and scholar (died 1954)
- 1878 – Jan Łukasiewicz, Polish-Irish mathematician and philosopher (died 1956)
- 1884 – María Cadilla, Puerto Rican writer, educator, women's rights activist (died 1951)[25]
- 1885 – Frank Patrick, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 1960)
- 1888 – Jean Bouin, French runner and rugby player (died 1914)
- 1889 – Sewall Wright, American geneticist and biologist (died 1988)
- 1890 – Hermann Joseph Muller, American geneticist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1967)
- 1891 – John William McCormack, American lawyer and politician, 53rd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (died 1980)
- 1892 – Walter Hagen, American golfer (died 1969)
- 1892 – Rebecca West, English journalist and author (died 1983)
- 1896 – Konstantin Rokossovsky, Marshal of the Soviet Union during World War II (died 1968)
- 1900 – Luis Arturo González López, Guatemalan supreme court judge and briefly acting president (died 1965)
1901–present
- 1905 – Käte Fenchel, German mathematician (died 1983)[26]
- 1905 – Anthony Powell, English author (died 2000)[27]
- 1909 – Seichō Matsumoto, Japanese journalist and author (died 1992)
- 1911 – Josh Gibson, American baseball player (died 1947)[28]
- 1913 – Arnold Friberg, American illustrator and painter (died 2010)
- 1914 – Frank Fenner, Australian microbiologist and virologist (died 2010)
- 1917 – Heinrich Böll, German novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1985)
- 1918 – Donald Regan, American colonel and politician, 11th White House Chief of Staff (died 2003)
- 1918 – Kurt Waldheim, Austrian colonel and politician; 9th President of Austria (died 2007)[29]
- 1919 – Doug Young, American voice actor (died 2018)
- 1920 – Alicia Alonso, Cuban ballerina and choreographer, founded the Cuban National Ballet (died 2019)
- 1920 – Adele Goldstine, American computer programmer (died 1964)[30]
- 1920 – Iris Cummings, American swimmer and aviator (died 2025)[31]
- 1922 – Itubwa Amram, Nauruan pastor and politician (died 1989)
- 1922 – Cécile DeWitt-Morette, French mathematician and physicist (died 2017)[32]
- 1922 – Paul Winchell, American actor, voice artist, and ventriloquist (died 2005)
- 1923 – Wat Misaka, American basketball player (died 2019)[33]
- 1926 – Champ Butler, American singer (died 1992)[34]
- 1926 – Arnošt Lustig, Czech author and playwright (died 2011)
- 1926 – Joe Paterno, American football player and coach (died 2012)[28]
- 1927 – Charles Bailleul, French linguist and missionary (died 2026)[35]
- 1930 – Phil Roman, American animator[36]
- 1932 – U. R. Ananthamurthy, Indian author, poet, and critic (died 2014)
- 1932 – Edward Hoagland, American author and critic
- 1933 – Jackie Hendriks, Jamaican cricketer
- 1933 – Robert Worcester, American businessman and academic, founded MORI (died 2025)[37]
- 1934 – Giuseppina Leone, Italian sprinter
- 1934 – Hanif Mohammad, Pakistani cricketer (died 2016)
- 1935 – John G. Avildsen, American director, producer, and cinematographer (died 2017)
- 1935 – Lorenzo Bandini, Italian racing driver (died 1967)
- 1935 – Phil Donahue, American talk show host and producer[38] (died 2024)[39]
- 1935 – Stela Popescu, Romanian actress (died 2017)
- 1935 – Edward Schreyer, Canadian academic and politician, Governor General of Canada[40]
- 1935 – Janet Metcalf, American politician (died 2025)[41]
- 1937 – Jane Fonda, American actress and activist[42]
- 1938 – Larry Bryggman, American actor[38]
- 1939 – Lloyd Axworthy, Canadian academic and politician, 2nd Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs
- 1939 – Wafic Saïd, Syrian-Saudi Arabian financier, businessman and philanthropist
- 1940 – Frank Zappa, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, composer and producer (died 1993)[28]
- 1942 – Hu Jintao, Chinese engineer and politician, 5th Paramount leader of China[28]
- 1942 – Carla Thomas, American singer[38]
- 1943 – Albert Lee, English guitarist and songwriter[38]
- 1943 – Walter Spanghero, French rugby player
- 1944 – Michael Tilson Thomas, American pianist, composer, and conductor (died 2026)
- 1944 – Zheng Xiaoyu, Chinese diplomat (died 2007)
- 1945 – Doug Walters, Australian cricketer
- 1946 – Roy Karch, American director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1946 – Carl Wilson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1998)[28]
- 1947 – Paco de Lucía, Spanish guitarist, songwriter, and producer (died 2014)
- 1948 – Barry Gordon, American actor and voice artist; longest-serving president of the Screen Actors Guild (1988–95)
- 1948 – Samuel L. Jackson, American actor and producer[38]
- 1948 – Dave Kingman, American baseball player
- 1949 – Thomas Sankara, Burkinabé captain and politician, 5th President of Burkina Faso (died 1987)
- 1949 – Nikolaos Sifounakis, Greek lawyer and politician
- 1950 – Jeffrey Katzenberg, American screenwriter and producer, co-founded DreamWorks Animation[28]
- 1950 – Max Maven, American magician and mentalist (died 2022)
- 1950 – Lillebjørn Nilsen, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2024)
- 1951 – Steve Perryman, English footballer and manager
- 1952 – Joaquín Andújar, Dominican baseball player (died 2015)
- 1952 – Dennis Boutsikaris, American actor[38]
- 1952 – Steve Furniss, American swimmer
- 1953 – András Schiff, Hungarian-English pianist and conductor
- 1953 – Betty Wright, American singer-songwriter (died 2020)[43]
- 1954 – Chris Evert, American tennis player and coach[44]
- 1955 – Jane Kaczmarek, American actress[38]
- 1955 – Kazuyuki Sekiguchi, Japanese singer-songwriter and bass player
- 1956 – Dave Laut, American shot putter (died 2009)
- 1957 – Ray Romano, American actor, producer, and screenwriter[38]
- 1957 – Tony Lewis, English singer and songwriter (died 2020)[45]
- 1958 – Tamara Bykova, Russian high jumper
- 1959 – Florence Griffith Joyner, American sprinter and actress (died 1998)[28]
- 1959 – Krishnamachari Srikkanth, Indian cricketer
- 1960 – Sherry Rehman, Pakistani journalist, politician, and diplomat, 25th Pakistan Ambassador to the United States
- 1961 – Ryuji Sasai, Japanese bass player and composer
- 1963 – Govinda, Indian actor, singer, and politician
- 1964 – Kunihiko Ikuhara, Japanese director and illustrator
- 1964 – Joe Kocur, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
- 1965 – Glenn Coleman, Australian rugby league player
- 1965 – Andy Dick, American actor and comedian[46]
- 1965 – Anke Engelke, Canadian-German actress, director, and screenwriter
- 1966 – Michelle Hurd, American actress[38]
- 1966 – William Ruto, 5th President of Kenya[28]
- 1966 – Kiefer Sutherland, British-Canadian actor, director, and producer[47]
- 1967 – Terry Mills, American basketball player and coach
- 1967 – Mikheil Saakashvili, Georgian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Georgia[48]
- 1969 – Julie Delpy, French model, actress, director, and screenwriter[38]
- 1969 – Mihails Zemļinskis, Latvian footballer, coach, and manager
- 1971 – Matthieu Chedid, French singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1971 – Natalie Grant, American singer-songwriter and author[38]
- 1972 – Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy, Indian politician, 17th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
- 1973 – Irakli Alasania, Georgian colonel and politician, Georgian Minister of Defense
- 1973 – Matías Almeyda, Argentine footballer and manager
- 1974 – Karrie Webb, Australian golfer
- 1975 – Paloma Herrera, Argentine ballerina
- 1977 – Buddy Carlyle, American baseball player[49]
- 1977 – Corey Collymore, Barbadian cricketer[50]
- 1977 – Leon MacDonald, New Zealand rugby player
- 1977 – Emmanuel Macron, French politician, 25th President of France[51]
- 1977 – Freddy Sanchez, American baseball player[52]
- 1978 – Emiliano Brembilla, Italian swimmer
- 1978 – Charles Dera, American pornographic actor, dancer, model, and mixed martial arts fighter
- 1978 – Shaun Morgan, South African musician, singer, and guitarist
- 1978 – Rutina Wesley, American actress[38]
- 1979 – Steve Montador, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2015)
- 1981 – Marta Fernández, Spanish basketball player[53]
- 1981 – Cristian Zaccardo, Italian footballer
- 1982 – Primo Colón, Puerto Rican wrestler[54]
- 1982 – Philip Humber, American baseball player
- 1982 – Tom Payne, English actor[28]
- 1983 – Taylor Teagarden, American baseball player[55]
- 1983 – Steven Yeun, American actor[38]
- 1985 – Tom Sturridge, English actor
- 1987 – Khris Davis, American baseball player[56]
- 1988 – Danny Duffy, American baseball player[57]
- 1988 – Perri Shakes-Drayton, English sprinter and hurdler
- 1989 – Mark Ingram II, American football player[58]
- 1989 – Tamannaah, Indian actress
- 1991 – Nic Maddinson, Australian cricketer[59]
- 1991 – Otis, American wrestler[60]
- 1991 – Riccardo Saponara, Italian footballer
- 1992 – Ha Ha Clinton-Dix, American football player[61]
- 1992 – Jamie Oleksiak, Canadian ice hockey player[62]
- 1994 – Luke Brooks, Australian rugby league player[63]
- 1996 – Ben Chilwell, English footballer[64]
- 1996 – Kaitlyn Dever, American actress[38]
- 1997 – Madelyn Cline, American actress and model[28]
- 1997 – Charlie McAvoy, American ice hockey player[65]
- 2002 – Clara Tauson, Danish tennis player[66]
- 2006 – Cooper Flagg, American basketball player[67]
Deaths
Pre-1600
- AD 72 – Thomas the Apostle, Roman martyr and saint (born 1 AD)
- 882 – Hincmar, French archbishop and historian (born 806)
- 956 – Sun Sheng, Chinese chancellor
- 975 – Al-Mu'izz, Fatimid caliph (born 932)
- 1001 – Hugh of Tuscany, Italian margrave (born 950)
- 1215 – Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid, Dāʿī al-Muṭlaq of Tayyibi Isma'ilism (born c. 1128)[68]
- 1308 – Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse (born 1244)
- 1338 – Thomas Hemenhale, bishop of Worcester
- 1362 – Constantine III, king of Armenia (born 1313)
- 1375 – Giovanni Boccaccio, Italian author and poet (born 1313)
- 1504 – Berthold von Henneberg, German archbishop (born 1442)
- 1536 – John Seymour, English courtier (born 1474)
- 1549 – Marguerite de Navarre, queen of Henry II of Navarre (born 1492)
- 1581 – Jean de la Cassière, 51st Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (born 1502)
- 1597 – Peter Canisius, Dutch priest and saint (born 1521)
1901–present
- 1920 – Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, leader of the Dervish movement (born 1856)
- 1929 – I. L. Patterson, American politician, 18th Governor of Oregon (born 1859)
- 1933 – Knud Rasmussen, Greenlandic anthropologist and explorer (born 1879)
- 1935 – Ted Birnie, English footballer and manager (born 1878)
- 1935 – Kurt Tucholsky, German-Swedish journalist and author (born 1890)
- 1937 – Violette Neatley Anderson, American judge (born 1882)[70]
- 1937 – Ted Healy, American comedian and actor (born 1896)
- 1937 – Frank B. Kellogg, American lawyer and politician, 45th United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1856)
- 1940 – F. Scott Fitzgerald, American novelist and short story writer (born 1896)
- 1945 – George S. Patton, American general (born 1885)
- 1948 – Władysław Witwicki, Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator, historian (of philosophy and art) and artist (born 1878)[71]
- 1952 – Kenneth Edwards, American golfer (born 1886)
- 1953 – Kaarlo Koskelo, Finnish-American wrestler and businessman (born 1888)
- 1957 – Eric Coates, English viola player and composer (born 1886)
- 1958 – H.B. Warner, English actor (born 1875)
- 1958 – Lion Feuchtwanger, German-American author and playwright (born 1884)
- 1959 – Rosanjin, Japanese calligrapher, engraver, and painter (born 1883)
- 1963 – Jack Hobbs, English cricketer and journalist (born 1882)
- 1964 – Carl Van Vechten, American author and photographer (born 1880)[72]
- 1965 – Claude Champagne, Canadian violinist, pianist, and composer (born 1891)
- 1968 – Vittorio Pozzo, Italian footballer, coach, and manager (born 1886)
- 1971 – Ásta Sigurðardóttir, Icelandic writer and visual artist (born 1930)[73]
- 1974 – Richard Long, American actor and director (born 1927)
- 1982 – Abu Al-Asar Hafeez Jullundhri, Pakistani poet and composer (born 1900)
- 1983 – Paul de Man, Belgian-born philosopher, literary critic and theorist (born 1919)
- 1988 – Nikolaas Tinbergen, Dutch-English ethologist and ornithologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1907)
- 1992 – Stella Adler, American actress and educator (born 1901)[74]
- 1992 – Albert King, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (born 1924)
- 1992 – Nathan Milstein, Russian-American violinist and composer (born 1903)
- 1998 – Ernst-Günther Schenck, German colonel and physician (born 1904)
- 2004 – Autar Singh Paintal, Indian physiologist and neurologist (born 1925)
- 2006 – Saparmyrat Nyýazow, Turkmen engineer and politician, 1st President of Turkmenistan (born 1940)[75] (date death announced)
- 2009 – Edwin G. Krebs, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1918)
- 2009 – Christos Lambrakis, Greek journalist and businessman (born 1934)
- 2010 – Enzo Bearzot, Italian footballer and manager (born 1927)
- 2013 – Edgar Bronfman Sr., Canadian-American businessman and philanthropist (born 1929)
- 2013 – John Eisenhower, American historian, general, and diplomat, 45th United States Ambassador to Belgium (born 1922)
- 2014 – Udo Jürgens, Austrian-Swiss singer-songwriter and pianist (born 1934)
- 2014 – Sitor Situmorang, Indonesian poet and author (born 1923)
- 2014 – Billie Whitelaw, English actress (born 1932)[76]
- 2017 – Bruce McCandless II, US astronaut who conducted the first untethered spacewalk (born 1937)
- 2019 – Andrew Clennel Palmer, British engineer (born 1938)[77]
- 2024 – Michelle Botes, South African actress (born 1962)[78]
- 2024 – Art Evans, American actor (born 1942)[79]
References
- Sandler, Stanley (2002). Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 923. ISBN 978-1-57607-344-5.
- Levillain, Philippe (2002). The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies. Psychology Press. p. 732. ISBN 978-0-415-92230-2.
- Toynbee, Paget Jackson (1910). Dante Alighieri: His Life and Works. London: Methuen. p. 2. ISBN 9780827438156. OCLC 8059335 ; Hüsken, Wim (2021). "Mirror, Mirror on the Wall... History in Late Medieval Drama From the Low Countries". In Happé, Peter; Hüsken, Wim N. M. (eds.). Staging History: Essays in Late Medieval and Humanist Drama. Leiden: Brill Rodopi. p. 148. ISBN 9789004449497.
- Rachewiltz, Igor de; Wang, May (1993). In the Service of the Khan: Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200–1300). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 23. ISBN 978-3-447-03339-8.
- Prieto Pastén, Andrés I. (2021). "Empathy with the Mapuche: Rosales's Manifiesto apologético and Pineda y Bascuñán's Cautiverio feliz". In López-Calvo, Ignacio (ed.). A History of Chilean Literature. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–80. ISBN 9781108487375.
- "A Doll's House (1879)". Forside - Det humanistiske fakultet. 10 July 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2026.
- Hoehn, Marek (2007). "Una visión comparativa sobre la huelga de Santa María de Iquique y el legado de los movimientos obreros de la época". In Vásquez, David (ed.). La Masacre de la Escuela Santa María de Iquique: Mirada Histórica desde la Cámara de Diputados (in Spanish). Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. p. 110. ISBN 978-956-7629-04-6.
Ya es sabido que dicha huelga culminó en la masacre de más de dos mil obreros en la escuela Santa María
- MacDonald, Laurence E. (2013). The Invisible Art of Film Music: A Comprehensive History. New York: The Scarecrow Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-8108-8397-0.
- "Lockerbie bombing suspect in US custody". BBC News. 11 December 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
- Fedor, Helen (1995). Belarus and Moldova: Country Studies (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division. p. 195. ISBN 0844408492.
- Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 F-GTDI Guatemala City-La Aurora Airport (GUA)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
- Alper, Alexandra (21 December 2012). "Celebrations in Mexico as world survives Maya "end of days"". Reuters. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
- "See the Great Conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, 21 December 2020". BBC Sky at Night Magazine. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
- Clark, Stephen (21 December 2022). "Two Pléiades Neo Earth-imaging satellites lost in failure of Europe's Vega C rocket". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
- "A lone gunman opens fire in a Prague university, killing 15 people and injuring 24". AP News. 21 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
- Bruce Cole (1980). Masaccio and the art of early Renaissance Florence. Indiana University Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-253-12298-8.
- Ann Hoffmann (1977). Lives of the Tudor Age, 1485–1603. Barnes & Noble Books. p. 476. ISBN 978-0-06-494331-4.
- Rajiva Nain Prasad (1966). Raja Mān Singh of Amber. World Press. p. 19. ISBN 9780842614733.
- The American Quarterly Register. The Society. 1841. p. 276.
- Andreas D Boldt (29 March 2019). Leopold Von Ranke: A Biography. Taylor & Francis. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-351-04272-7.
- Jonathan Parry (23 April 2007). Benjamin Disraeli. OUP Oxford. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-164751-2.
- Riemann, Hugo (1908). Dictionary of Music. Translated by Shedlock, J. S. (4th ed.). Augener & Co. p. 185.
- "Obituary: Chevalier Ernest de Munck". Musical News. Vol. 48. January 30, 1915. p. 96.
- Cardozo, Nancy (2000). Maud Gonne. New York: Amsterdam Books. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-9415-3395-9.
- Sicherman, Barbara; Hurd Green, Carol (1983). Notable American Women: The Modern Period. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-6746-2733-8.
- Grinstein, Louise S.; Campbell, Paul J. (1987). Women of Mathematics : a Biobibliographic Sourcebook. New York: Greenwood Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-3132-4849-8.
- Buncombe, Andrew (28 March 2000). "Anthony Powell, chronicler of Time, dies at 94". The Independent. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
- "Famous birthdays for Dec. 21: Tom Payne, Jane Fonda". UPI. 21 December 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- Kandell, Jonathan (14 June 2007). "Kurt Waldheim dies at 88; ex-UN chief hid Nazi past". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
- Henderson, Harry (2003). A to Z of Computer Scientists. New York: Facts on File. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-8160-4531-0.
- Langer, Emily (January 31, 2025). "Iris Cummings Critchell, pioneering aviator and Olympian, dies at 104". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
- Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2007). Encyclopedia of World Scientists. New York: Facts on File. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-8160-6158-7.
- Goldstein, Richard (November 21, 2019). "Wat Misaka, First Nonwhite in Modern Pro Basketball, Dies at 95". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2022-01-01. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
- Dales, Ossie (June 2012). Down Yonder With (booklet). Champ Butler. London, England: Jasmine Records. JASCD 724.
- Danaa Abobo, Vitus (10 February 2026). "Charles Bailleul R.I.P." White Fathers. Retrieved 11 February 2026.
- Renteria, Ramon (January 29, 1998). "Art creates a life-come-true". El Paso Times. p. 1D.
- Sir Bob Worcester obituary: influential pollster The Times
- Rose, Mike (21 December 2022). "Today's famous birthdays list for December 21, 2022 includes celebrities Jane Fonda, Samuel L. Jackson". The Plain Dealer. Associated Press. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- "Phil Donahue, talk show host pioneer and husband of Marlo Thomas, dies at 88". NBC News. 2024-08-19. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
- Lentz, Harris M. (4 February 2014). Heads of States and Governments Since 1945. Routledge. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-134-26490-2.
- Former Iowa Rep. Janet Metcalf, a longtime pro-choice Republican, dies at 89
- "Jane Fonda". Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
- Fuster, Jeremy (May 10, 2020). "Betty Wright, Grammy-Winning R&B Singer, Dies at 66". The Wrap. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
- "Chris Evert | Player Stats & More – WTA Official". Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
- "Forbes Magazine Interview". Tony Lewis. 18 September 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
- "Turning 50 in 2015". CNN. 9 April 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- Maxine Block; Anna Herthe Rothe; Marjorie Dent Candee; Charles Moritz (2002). Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. p. 542.
- B. Turner (12 January 2017). The Statesman's Yearbook 2008: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World. Springer. p. 502. ISBN 978-1-349-74024-6.
- "Buddy Carlyle". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- "Corey Collymore". middlesexccc.com. Middlesex County Cricket Club.
- Sophie Pedder (21 June 2018). Revolution Française: Emmanuel Macron and the quest to reinvent a nation. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-4729-4861-8.
- "Freddy Sanchez". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- "Marta Fernandez". WNBA. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- "Primo". ESPN. 11 August 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- "Taylor Teagarden". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- "Khris Davis". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- "Danny Duffy". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- "Mark Ingram II". ESPN. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/333780.html ESPNcricinfo
- "Otis Dozovic". ESPN. 8 March 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- "Ha Ha Clinton-Dix". ESPN. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- "Jamie Oleksiak". National Hockey League. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- "Luke Brooks – Career Stats & Summary". Rugby League Project. Retrieved 2016-03-14.
- "Ben Chilwell". Premier League. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
- "Charlie McAvoy Stats And News". www.nhl.com. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
- "Clara Tauson | Player Stats & More – WTA Official". Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
- Lopresti, Mike (December 19, 2024). "Cooper Flagg— the freshman phenom who only now can vote". NCAA.com. Retrieved December 20, 2024.
- Poonawala, Ismail K. (2009). "ʿAlī b. al-Walīd". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_22932. ISSN 1873-9830.
- "Sophie Axelsdatter Brahe". Gravsted (in Danish). Archived from the original on 17 May 2025. Retrieved 10 September 2025.
- Smith, Jessie Carney; Phelps, Shirelle (1996). Notable Black American Women. VNR AG. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-8103-9177-2.
- Nowicki, Andrzej (1982). Witwicki (in Polish). Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. p. 120. ISBN 83-214-0301-8.
- Vogel, Shane (2016). "Van Vechten, Carl (1880–1964)". Van Vechten, Carl (1880–1964). Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism. doi:10.4324/9781135000356-REM130-1. ISBN 9781135000356.
- "Ásta Sigurðardóttir". www.litencyc.com. Archived from the original on 2025-09-06. Retrieved 2025-11-04.
- "Stella Adler | American actress | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
- "Turkmenistan's 'iron ruler' dies". BBC News. 21 December 2006. Archived from the original on 7 January 2007. Retrieved 22 December 2006.
- Coveney, Michael (22 December 2014). "Billie Whitelaw obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
- King, Roger Anthony (27 July 2022). "Andrew Clennel Palmer. 26 May 1938 – 21 December 2019". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 73: 379–393. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2022.0015. S2CID 251071307.
- Engelbrecht, Leandra (December 21, 2024). "Celebrated actor and Isidingo villain Michelle Botes has died". News24. Retrieved January 5, 2025.
- Minton, Matt (December 22, 2024). "Art Evans, 'Die Hard 2' and 'A Soldier's Story' Actor, Dies at 82". Variety. Retrieved December 27, 2024.