Help:IPA/Gujarati

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Gujarati language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Gujarati phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Gujarati.

Consonants
IPA	Gujarati	ISO 15919	English approximation
b	બ	b	bat
bʱ	ભ	bh	clubhouse
β^[1]	ભ	bh	somewhat like averse
d^[2]	દ	d	dog
ð^[1]	ધ	dh	other
dʱ^[2]	ધ	dh	redhead
ɖ^[2]	ડ	ḍ	American English bird
ɖʱ^[2]	ઢ	ḍh	American English birdhouse
dʒ	જ	j	jack
dʒʱ	ઝ	jh	hedgehog
f^[1]	ફ	ph	afraid
ɡ	ગ	g	gate
ɡʱ	ઘ	gh	loghouse
ɣ^[1]	ઘ	gh	go, but without completely blocking airflow on the g
h	ઃ	ḥ	head
ɦ	હ	h	ahead
j	ય	y	yak
k	ક	k	scold
kʰ	ખ	kh	cold
l	લ	l	leaf
ɭ	ળ	l	somewhat like Merlin
m	મ	m	much
n	ન	n	not
ɳ	ણ	ṇ	somewhat like burner
ɲ	ઞ	ñ	canyon
ŋ	ઙ	ṅ	bank
p	પ	p	span
pʰ	ફ	ph	pan
ɾ	ર	r	atom (American English)
ɽ^[3]	ડ	ḍ	somewhat like murder
ɽʱ^[3]	ઢ	ḍh	No English equivalent
ɽ̃^[3]	ણ	ṇ	as above, but nasal
s^[4]	સ	s	sue
ʂ^[4]	ષ	ṣ	somewhat like worship
ʃ^[4]	શ	ś	sheep
t^[2]	ત	t	stop
tʰ^[2]	થ	th	top
ʈ^[2]	ટ	ṭ	somewhat like court
ʈʰ^[2]	ઠ	ṭh	somewhat like tree
tʃ	ચ	c	catch
tʃʰ	છ	ch	cheese
ʋ	વ	v	vine

Other symbols
IPA	Gujarati	IAST	Notes
◌̃	ં	ṃ	nasal vowel ([õː], etc.)
◌̤	◌̤		murmured vowel^[5]
ː			vowel length^[6]
ˈ			stress (placed before stressed syllable)

Notes

The voiced aspirated stops /ɡʱ, dʱ, bʱ/ and /pʰ/ have spirant allophones [ɣ, ð, β, f].Cardona & Suthar (2003:665)
Gujarati contrasts dental [t] and [d] with retroflex [ʈ] and [ɖ] (as well as aspirated variants). Both sets sound like /t/ and /d/ to most English speakers although the dental [t] and [d] are used in place of the English /θ/ and /ð/ (with [ð] occuring as a spirant allophone of [dʱ] in Gujarati) for some speakers with th-stopping.
The voiced retroflex stops and the nasal /ɖʱ, ɖ, ɳ/ have flapped allophones [ɽʱ, ɽ, ɽ̃]. Intervocalically all three are flapped. The stops are also flapped when before or after other consonants.Mistry (1997:659) The stops are unflapped initially, geminated, and postnasally; and flapped intervocalically, finally, and before or after other consonants.Masica (1991:97).
While there is dialectal variation in this regard, for Wikipedia transcriptions [ʃ] appears contiguous with palatal segments and [ʂ] appears before retroflex consonants: [spəʂʈ] ('clear').Mistry (1997:658)
Gujarati contrasts murmured and non-murmured vowels, except for /e/ and /o/.Cardona & Suthar (2003:662) Mistry (2003:116).
Vowels are long when nasalised, e.g. [moʈʈũː]

Cardona, George; Suthar, Babu (2003), "Gujarati", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5
Masica, Colin (1991), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2
Mistry, P.J. (1997), "Gujarati Phonology", in Kaye, A.S (ed.), Phonologies of Asia and Africa, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, ISBN 1-57506-019-1
Mistry, P.J. (2003), "Gujarati", in Frawley, William (ed.), International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, vol. 2 (2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-516784-8