| Consonants |
| IPA | Thai script | Tai Tham | English approximation |
| b |
บ |  | abash |
| d |
ฎ, ด |  | ado |
| f |
ฝ, ฟ | , | food |
| h |
ห, ฮ | , , | head |
| j |
ย, อย, หย |  | yak |
| k |
ก | , | scan |
| kʰ |
ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ | , , , | car |
| l |
ล, ฬ, หล | , , | leaf |
| m |
ม, หม |  | much |
| n |
ณ, น, หน | , | not |
| ŋ |
ง, หง |  | bang |
| ɲ |
ญ | , | canyon |
| p |
ป | , | span |
| pʰ |
ผ, พ, ภ | , | pan |
| r |
ร, หร |  | Trilled right |
| s |
ฉ, ช, ฌ, ซ, ศ, ษ, ส | , , , , , | sue |
| t |
ฏ, ต | , , | stable |
| tʰ |
ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ถ, ท, ธ | , , , | table |
| tɕ |
จ | , | question |
| w |
ว, หว |  | way |
| x[1] |
ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ | , , , | Scottish loch |
| ʔ |
อ, ะ | , | the catch in uh-oh |
| |
| Tones |
| IPA | Description |
| aː = āː |
mid [aː˧] |
| àː |
low [aː˨˩] or [aː˩] |
| âː |
falling [aː˦˩] |
| a᷇ː |
high-mid [aː˥˧] |
| áː |
high [aː˦˥] or [aː˥] |
| ǎː |
rising [aː˨˦] or [aː˨˩˦] |
|
| Vowels |
| IPA | Thai script[2] | Tai Tham script | English approximation |
| Short vowels |
| a |
◌ะ, ◌ั◌ | , | cat |
| e |
เ◌ะ, เ◌็◌ | ◌ ,  | roughly like say |
| ɛ |
แ◌ะ, แ◌็◌ | ◌ ,  | roughly like bet |
| i |
◌ิ, ◌ิ◌ | ,  | happy |
| o |
โ◌ะ, ◌◌ | ◌ , | story |
| ɔ |
เ◌าะ, ◌็อ◌ |    | off |
| u |
◌ุ, ◌ุ◌ | , | fool (shorter) |
| ɯ |
◌ึ, ◌ึ◌ |  | good |
| ɤ |
เ◌อะ |   | roughly like hurt (shorter) |
| Long vowels |
| aː |
◌า, ◌า◌ | , | bra |
| eː |
เ◌, เ◌◌ | ◌, | play |
| ɛː |
แ◌, แ◌◌ | ◌ | fairy |
| iː |
◌ี, ◌ี◌ |  | green |
| oː |
โ◌, โ◌◌ | ◌, ◌ | story |
| ɔː |
◌อ, ◌อ◌ | , | dog |
| uː |
◌ู, ◌ู, |  | fool |
| ɯː |
◌ือ, ◌ื◌ |  | good (longer) |
| ɤː |
เ◌อ, เ◌ิ◌ |   | roughly like fur |
| Diphthongs |
| iaʔ, iəʔ |
เ◌ียะ |   | No English equivalent |
| ia, iə |
เ◌ีย, เ◌ีย◌ |    | idea |
| uaʔ, uəʔ |
◌ัวะ |   | No English equivalent |
| ua, uə |
◌ัว, ◌ว◌ |  | poor (British English) |
| ɯaʔ, ɯəʔ |
เ◌ือะ |    | No English equivalent |
| ɯa, ɯə |
เ◌ือ, เ◌ือ◌ |   | No English equivalent |
|