Hydrocotarnine

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Hydrocotarnine
Clinical data
Trade namesPavinal
Other namesHydrocotarnin; 4-methoxy-6-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline
Drug classNarcotic Analgesics based on DEA classification[1]
Legal status
Legal status
Hydrocotarnine in general is not controlled.
Identifiers
  • 4-methoxy-6-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC12H15NO3
Molar mass221.256 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CN1CCC2=CC3=C(C(=C2C1)OC)OCO3
  • InChI=1S/C12H15NO3/c1-13-4-3-8-5-10-12(16-7-15-10)11(14-2)9(8)6-13/h5H,3-4,6-7H2,1-2H3
  • Key:XXANNZJIZQTCBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Hydrocotarnine, used in combination with oxycodone under the trade name Pavinal (Japan), is a substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, non-narcotic analgesic. It is also classified as a cyclized phenylethylamine. Hydrocotarnine is a drug that is primarily used in combination with oxycodone to enhance its analgesic effect. The mechanism of action of hydrocotarnine is not fully understood, but it is known that it is one of the non-narcotic alkaloids of the poppy Papaver somniferum. Combinations of oxycodone and hydrocotarnine are taken orally and by injection.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Hydrocotarnine is reported as a natural product present in Corydalis ophiocarpa, Corydalis ochotensis, and Corydalis heterocarpa var. japonica.[9]

See also

References

  1. "NFLIS Substances". National Forensic Laboratory Information System. Retrieved 10 April 2026.
  2. "NCATS Inxight Drugs — HYDROCOTARNINE". drugs.ncats.io. Retrieved 2026-04-09.
  3. Tittarelli, Roberta; Gismondi, Angelo; Di Marco, Gabriele; Mineo, Federico; Vernich, Francesca; Russo, Carmelo; Marsella, Luigi Tonino; Canini, Antonella (2022-04-27). "Forensic Application of Genetic and Toxicological Analyses for the Identification and Characterization of the Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)". Biology. 11 (5): 672. doi:10.3390/biology11050672. ISSN 2079-7737. PMC 9138826. PMID 35625400.
  4. Yoshimoto, Tetsusuke; Hisada, Atsuo; Yomiya, Kinomi; Tomiyasu, Shiro; Hasegawa, Toru; Murakami, Satoshi; Matoba, Motohiro (2010). "[Efficacy and safety of compound oxycodone injection for cancer pain relief-a multicenter survey of prescriptions]". Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy. 37 (5): 871–878. ISSN 0385-0684. PMID 20495318.
  5. Yoshimoto, Tetsusuke; Hisada, Atsuo; Hasegawa, Toru; Nozaki, Yasuhiro; Matoba, Motohiro; Symptom Control Research Group SCORE-G (2009). "[Efficacy and safety of continuous subcutaneous injection of the compound oxycodone in cancer pain management: the first 4-year audit]". Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy. 36 (10): 1683–1689. ISSN 0385-0684. PMID 19838028.
  6. Kokubun, Hideya; Nakamura, Kazuyo; Fukawa, Misako; Matoba, Motohiro; Hoka, Sumio; Yago, Kazuo (2007). "[Conversion ratio between intravenous oxycodone/hydrocotarnine and sustained-release oral oxycodone in patients with cancer pain]". Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy. 34 (13): 2255–2258. ISSN 0385-0684. PMID 18079625.
  7. Hughes, Lewis Thomas; Raftery, David; Coulter, Paul; Laird, Barry; Fallon, Marie (2022). "Use of opioids in patients with cancer with hepatic impairment-a systematic review". BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care. 12 (2): 152–157. doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-003065. ISSN 2045-4368. PMID 34470772.
  8. Sano, Tomomi; Akagi, Toru; Yokote, Nobuaki; Shuto, Chio; Kudo, Naoko; Miura, Kousuke; Murakami, Satoshi; Saito, Osamu; Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Matoba, Motohiro (2012). "[Retrospective study on intravenous compound injection of cancer pain patients with oxycodone and hydrocotarnine preparation in comparison with subcutaneous administration]". Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy. 39 (5): 769–775. ISSN 0385-0684. PMID 22584329.
  9. "Hydrocotarnine". PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 10 April 2026.
  1. classification (Schedule II in the US), the list includes "opium and opiates, and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation thereof"