List of supernovae

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SN 1054 remnant
(Crab Nebula)

A supernova is an event in which a star destroys itself in an explosion which can briefly become as luminous as an entire galaxy. This list of supernovae of historical significance includes events since 2000 that have been the subject of a scientific paper that contributed to supernova theory.

List of supernovae since 2000

For supernovae before 2000, see List of supernovae (before 2000).

In most entries, the year when the supernova was seen is part of the designation (1st column).

Supernova
designation
(year)		 Constellation Observations Apparent
magnitude		 Distance
(light years)		 Type Galaxy Notes
SN 2002bj Lupus 2002 +14.7 160,000,000 IIn NGC 1821 AM Canum Venaticorum-type outburst.[1]
SN 2002dd Ursa Major 2002 +24.0 8,000,000,000 Ia anonymous galaxy Furthest supernova observed through Hubble Deep Field.[2]
SN 2003fg Boötes 2003 4,000,000,000 Ia anonymous galaxy Also known as the "Champagne supernova"
SN 2004am Ursa Major March 2004 11,500,000 II M82 (Cigar Galaxy) [3]
SN 2004dj Camelopardalis 31 July 2004
18:15		 8,000,000 II-P NGC 2403 NGC 2403 is an outlying member of the M81 Group
SN 2213-1745 Aquarius November 2004-June 2005 II [4]
SN 2005ap Coma Berenices 3 March 2005 4,700,000,000 II ? Announced in 2007 to be the brightest supernova up to that point.
SN 2005gj Cetus 27 September 2005 865,000,000 Ia/II-n ? Notable for having characteristics of both Type Ia and Type IIn.
SN 2005gl Pisces 5 October 2005 +16.5 200,000,000 II-n NGC 266 Star could be found on old pictures.[5]
SN 2006gy Perseus 18 September 2006 +15 240,000,000 IIn (*) NGC 1260 Observed by NASA,
*with a peak of over 70 days, possibly a new type.
SN 2006jc Lynx 9 October 2006 77,000,000 Ibn UGC 4904
SN 2007bi Virgo Early 2007 +18.3 Ia anonymous dwarf galaxy Extremely bright and long-lasting, the first good observational match for the pair-instability supernova model postulated for stars of initial mass greater than 140 solar masses (even better than SN 2006gy). The precursor is estimated at 200 solar masses, similar to the first stars of the early universe.[6]
SN 2007uy Lynx 31 December 2007 +16.8 84,000,000 Ibc NGC 2770 Got overshadowed by SN 2008D.
SN 2008D Lynx 9 January 2008 88,000,000 Ibc NGC 2770 First supernova to be observed while it exploded.
MENeaC Abell399.3.14.0 Aries +28.7 1,000,000,000
(z=0.0613)		 Ia anonymous red globular cluster associated with anonymous red elliptical galaxy in cluster Abell 399 Observed in 2009. Supernova associated with a globular cluster[7][8]
SN 2009ip Piscis Austrinus 2009 66,000,000 IIn NGC 7259 In 2009 classified as supernova. Redesignated as Luminous blue variable (LBV) Supernova impostor.[9] In September 2012 classified as a young type IIn supernova.[10]
SN 2010lt Camelopardalis 2 January 2011 +17.0 240,000,000 Ia (sub-luminous) UGC 3378 Discovered by 10-year-old girl, the youngest person to discover a supernova.
SN 2011fe Ursa Major 24 August 2011 +10.0 21,000,000 Ia M101 One of the very few extragalactic supernovae visible in 50mm binoculars.
SN UDS10Wil Cetus April 2013 16,600,000,000 Also Known as SN Wilson.[11]

[12] [13] [14]

SN 2014J Ursa Major Mid January 2014 +10.1 11,500,000 Ia M82 Closest supernova since SN 2004dj in NGC 2403.
SN 2014aa Leo 7 March 2014 310,000,000 Ia NGC 3861 [15][16]
SN Refsdal Leo 11 November 2014 14,400,000,000 SP 1149 It is the first detected multiply-lensed supernova, visible within the field of the galaxy cluster MACS J1149+2223.[17][18][19][20]
ASASSN-15ga Virgo 1 April 2015 1,000,000,000 Ia NGC 4866 [21]
ASASSN-15lh SN 2015L Indus 14 June 2015 +16.9 3,800,000,000 Ic APMUKS(BJ) B215839.70−615403.9 Most luminous hypernova ever observed.
IPTF14hls Ursa Major September 2014 +17.7 509,000,000 unknown SDSS J092034.44+504148.7 (possible dwarf galaxy) Unusual supernova
SN 2016aps Draco 22 February 2016 +18.11 3,600,000,000 SLSB-II ? Most luminous supernova-like event to date.
SN 2017gax Dorado 14 August 2017 517,000,000 I NGC 1672
SN 2018gv Puppis 15 January 2018 70,000,000 Ia NGC 2525 [22][23][24][25][26]
SN 2018zd Camelopardalis 2 March 2018 +17.8 70,000,000 Ia-csm NGC 2146 First electron capture supernova ever detected
SN 2018cow Hercules 16 June 2018, 10:35:02 200,000,000 Ib CGCG 137-068 [27]
SN 2019np Leo Minor 9 January 2019 +13.0 75,000,000 Ia NGC 3254 [28][29]
SN 2019hgp Boötes +20.16 920,000,000 Icn First detected supernova of a Wolf-Rayet star[30][31]
SN 2020oi Coma Berenices 7 January 2020 +17.28 46,000,000 Ic Messier 100
SN 2020fqv Virgo 31 March 2020 +19.0 59,400,000 IIb NGC 4568 Earliest known observation of an explosion, 26 hours after[32][33][34]
SN 2020jfo Virgo 6 May 2020 45,610,000 II M61 [35][36][37]
SN 2020tlf Boötes 2020 +15.89 120,000,000 IIn NGC 5731 First red supergiant observed before, during and after explosion; earliest known observation, at 130 days before explosion[38][39]
SN 2021gmj Ursa Major 20 March 2021 +11.2 34,800,000 II-P NGC 3310 [40]
SN 2021hpr Draco April 2, 2021 129,000,000 ± 29 Ia NGC 3147 [41]
SN 2021jad Lepus April 2021 65,000,000 Ia NGC 1964 [42]
SN 2021yja Eridanus 8 September 2021 750,000,000 II NGC 1325[43][44]
SN 2021aefx Dorado 11 November 2021 +17.2 69,000,000 Ia NGC 1566 [45]
SN 2021afdx Sculptor 23 November 2021 +18.8 500,000,000 II Cartwheel Galaxy [46][47]
SN 2022jli Cetus 5 May 2022 +14 75,000,000 type I-c NGC 157 Type Ic, shows periodicity[48][49][50][51]
SN 2022aajn Gemini November 2022 600,000,000 Ia [52]
SN 2023ixf Ursa Major 19 May 2023
17:27		 +10.8 21,000,000 type II-L Pinwheel Galaxy (M101)[53] Closest and brightest supernova since SN 2014J
SN 2023rve Fornax 8 September 2023 +13.9 450,000,000 II NGC 1097[54][55][56][57][58] Brightest Supernova Since SN 2023ixf.
SN 2023vyl Pegasus 28 October 2023 783,000,000 Ia NGC 7625 [59][60]
SN 2023abdg Grus 12 December 2023 816,000,000 II NGC 7421 [61]
SN 2023ufx +15.55 II The most metal-poor supernova found to date.[62]
SN H0pe Ursa Major 2023 +23.93 16,100,000,000 (z=1.783) Ia PLCK G165.7+67.0 Arc 1 [63]
SN 2024gy Virgo 4 January 2024 +12.8 55,000,000 Ia NGC 4216 [64]
SN 2024ggi Hydra 11 April 2024 +11.9 21,700,000 II NGC 3621 [65]
SN 2024inv Leo 10 May 2024 +12.1 82,200,000 Ia NGC 3524 [66]
SN 2024muv Virgo 26 June 2024 +12.7 65,000,000 Ia NGC 4699 [67]
SN 2024abfl Camelopardalis 15 November 2024 41,000,000 II NGC 2146 [68]
SN 2025gj Hydra 8 January 2025
(DLT40)		 +13.7 116,310,000 Ia NGC 2986 [69]
SN 2025pht Eridanus 29 June 2025
(ASAS-SN)		 +13.3 31,900,000 II-P NGC 1637 [70]
SN 2025rbs Pegasus 14 July 2025
(GOTO)		 +11.9 43,790,000 Ia NGC 7331 Brightest Supernova of 2025[71][72]
SN Eos Sagittarius 1 September 2025
(JWST)		 —N/a 26,138,000,000 II-P —N/a Most distant spectroscopically confirmed supernova from Earth[73]

Supernova statistics

Yearly extragalactic supernovae reported
Year Total Type I Type II LBV
(imposters)		 Brighter than
apmag 13		 Apmag of brightest
Supernova of that year
2025[72]2664915945015111.9 (2025rbs in NGC 7331)
2024[74]2387616824794711.7 (2024ggi in NGC 3621)
2023[75]2108014844727210.9 (2023ixf in Messier 101)
2022[76]2161017934328412.1 (2022pul in NGC 4415)
2021[77]2372519225135812.0 (2021aefx in NGC 1566)
2020[78]2184316634727511.8 (2020ue in NGC 4636)
2019[79]1890916635109113.0 (2019np in NGC 3254)
2018[80]1277712353447512.7 (2018pv in NGC 3941)
2017[81]83057472184311.5 (2017cbv in NGC 5643)
2016[82]77486812263013.0 (2016coj in NGC 4125)
2015[83]44867072154212.9 (2015F in NGC 2442)
2014[84]22475281753310.1 (2014J in Messier 82)
2013[85]21424981908611.3 (2013aa in NGC 5643)
2012[86]12245501528511.9 (2012fr in NGC 1365)
2011[87]11554391601079.9 (2011fe in Messier 101)
2010[88]9332791357212.8 (2010ih in NGC 2325)
2009[89]5782021381013.0 (2009ig in NGC 1015)
2008[90]5822911571312.4 (2008ge in NGC 1527)
2007[91]6644821471312.0 (2007it in NGC 5530)
2006[92]5594181242312.1 (2006dd in NGC 1316)
2005[93]4232981041212.3 (2005df in NGC 1559)
2004[94]353221790211.2 (2004dj in NGC 2403)
2003[95]384198891112.3 (2003hv in NGC 1201)
2002[96]353163640112.3 (2002ap in Messier 74)
2001[97]310108750212.3 (2001el in NGC 1448)
2000[98]19976491013.1 (2000cx in NGC 524)
2000–2025203,11419,922
(76.2%)		622010778

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Green, David A. (2015). Orchiston, Wayne; Green, David A.; Strom, Richard (eds.). Historical Supernova Explosions in Our Galaxy and Their Remnants. New Insights From Recent Studies in Historical Astronomy: Following in the Footsteps of F. Richard Stephenson, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings. Vol. 43. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp. 91–100. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07614-0_7. ISBN 978-3-319-07613-3.