Plumbane

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Plumbane
Skeletal formula of plumbane
Skeletal formula of plumbane
Spacefill model of plumbane
Spacefill model of plumbane
  Lead, Pb
  Hydrogen, H
Names
IUPAC name
Plumbane
Other names
lead tetrahydride, tetrahydridolead, lead(IV) hydride, hydrogen plumbide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
  • InChI=1S/Pb.4H checkY
    Key: XRCKXJLUPOKIPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/Pb.4H/rH4Pb/h1H4
    Key: XRCKXJLUPOKIPF-BJORFFIVAF
  • [Pb]
Properties
PbH4
Molar mass 211.23 g/mol
Appearance Colorless gas
Boiling point −13 °C (9 °F; 260 K)
Structure
Tetrahedral at the Pb atom
Related compounds
Related tetrahydride compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X markN verify (what is checkYX markN ?)

Plumbane is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula PbH4. Proposed to be a colorless gas at room temperature, it is a group 14 hydride composed of lead and hydrogen. Plumbane is not well characterized or, and it is predicted to be thermodynamically unstable, as is typical for heavy main group hydrides.[1]

Experimental work

If it exists, it is very labile.[2] Because plumbane is so unstable, it cannot be made by classical methods used to synthesize GeH4 or SnH4, i.e. salt-forming reactions. Evidence for its existence resulted from electrolysis of lead alloys using a Marsh test-like setup.[3] Plumbane was proposed to be generated by laser ablation and additionally identified the infrared (IR) bands.[4] The ion PbH+
4 has been detected by mass spectrometry.[5]

Computation

Plumbane has been the subject of repeated quantum chemical studies. It is predicted to have tetrahedral (Td) structure with a Pb-H distance of 1.73 Å.[6][7][8][9][10][8]

Congeners

Congeners of plumbane include:

Other lead hydrides

(C6H3-2,6-(mesityl)2)PbH dimer[11]

A few lead hydrides has been isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography.[1]

Further reading

  • Porritt, C. J. (1975). Chem. Ind-London. 9: 398. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

References

  1. Roy, Matthew M. D.; Omaña, Alvaro A.; Wilson, Andrew S. S.; Hill, Michael S.; Aldridge, Simon; Rivard, Eric (2021). "Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides". Chemical Reviews. 121 (20): 12784–12965. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278. PMID 34450005.
  2. Cotton, F. A.; Wilkinson, G.; Murillo, C. A.; Bochman, M. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. Wiley: New York, 1999
  3. Paneth, Fritz; Nörring, Otto (1920). "Über Bleiwasserstoff". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series). 53 (9): 1693–1710. doi:10.1002/cber.19200530915.
  4. Wang, Xuefeng; Andrews, Lester (2003). "Infrared Spectra of Group 14 Hydrides in Solid Hydrogen: Experimental Observation of PbH4, Pb2H2, and Pb2H4". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 125 (21): 6581–6587. doi:10.1021/ja029862l. PMID 12785799.
  5. Saalfeld, Fred E.; Svec, Harry J. (1963). "The Mass Spectra of Volatile Hydrides. I. The Monoelemental Hydrides of the Group IVB and VB Elements". Inorganic Chemistry. 2: 46–50. doi:10.1021/ic50005a014.
  6. Visser, O.; Visscher, L.; Aerts, P. J. C.; Nieuwpoort, W. C. (1992). "Relativistic all-electron molecular Hartree-Fock-Dirac-(Breit) calculations on CH4, SiH4, GeH4, SnH4, PbH4". Theoretica Chimica Acta. 81 (6): 405–416. doi:10.1007/BF01134864. S2CID 97874625.
  7. Malli, Gulzari L.; Siegert, Martin; Turner, David P. (2004). "Relativistic and electron correlation effects for molecules of heavy elements: Ab initio fully relativistic coupled-cluster calculations for PbH4". International Journal of Quantum Chemistry. 99 (6): 940–949. doi:10.1002/qua.20142.
  8. Hein, Thomas A.; Thiel, Walter; Lee, Timothy J. (1993). "Ab initio study of the stability and vibrational spectra of plumbane, methylplumbane, and homologous compounds". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 97 (17): 4381–4385. doi:10.1021/j100119a021. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0028-1862-2.
  9. Desclaux, J. P.; Pyykko, P. (1974). "Relativistic and non-relativistic Hartree-Fock one-centre expansion calculations for the series CH4 to PbH4 within the spherical approximation". Chemical Physics Letters. 29 (4): 534–539. Bibcode:1974CPL....29..534D. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(74)85085-2.
  10. Pyykkö, P.; Desclaux, J. P. (1977). "Dirac–Fock one-centre calculations show (114)H4 to resemble PbH4". Nature. 266 (5600): 336–337. Bibcode:1977Natur.266..336P. doi:10.1038/266336a0. S2CID 4183019.
  11. Queen, Joshua D.; Fettinger, James C.; Power, Philip P. (2019). "Two quasi-stable lead(II) hydrides at ambient temperature". Chemical Communications. 55 (69): 10285–10287. doi:10.1039/c9cc05106f. PMID 31396611.