Political parties in Mongolia

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This article lists political parties in Mongolia. Mongolia has had a multi-party system since the 1990 Democratic Revolution. Prior to the democratic transition, the country was a one-party state throughout the 20th century. Mongolian politics is currently dominated by two major political parties: the Mongolian People's Party, established in 1921, and the Democratic Party, established in 2000 but dates its roots back to 1990.^[1][2]

According to the Law on Political Parties, first passed in 1990, then revised in 2005 and later in 2023,^[3] a political party is considered as a union of Mongolian citizens who have consolidated voluntarily with the purpose of organizing social, personal, and political activities as stated in the Constitution of Mongolia. Political parties must be registered by the Supreme Court of Mongolia.^[4]

The Mongolian People's Party (MPP) – known as the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) between 1924 and 2010 – governed the country from 1921 to 1996 (in a socialist one-party system until 1990). After the 1990 revolution and the fall of the Soviet Union, the then-ruling MPRP transitioned into a democratic socialist party and maintained a high level of nationwide support, especially among rural voters. The party was out of power for the first time in 1996, when the opposition Democratic Union Coalition was elected with an overwhelming majority in the State Great Khural. However, after many political crises and unpopularity, the coalition lost much of its seats to the MPRP in 2000. Subsequently, the centre-right Democratic Party (DP) was founded in 2000 through the merger of five parties and became the primary opposition to the MPRP up until 2004, when it became an almost-equal coalition partner to the MPRP. The DP became the dominant political force between 2012 to 2016, when it held the presidency, prime ministership, and speakership.

In late 2010, the MPRP changed its name to the Mongolian People's Party (MPP) along with an ideological shift towards social democracy; however, former president Nambaryn Enkhbayar's faction and other conservative members departed from the party and created a new party taking the original name, Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. The splinter MPRP became the primary third-party force from 2010 to 2021, when it merged with the MPP during its 100th year anniversary.

The now-renamed MPP won a landslide victory in the 2016 election and another one in the 2020 election. In late 2018 and 2019, a major corruption scandal involving SMEs and an alleged cabal between senior officials from both parties occurred. Consequently, mass anti-government protests erupted, which led to a significant increase in public distrust for the political establishment and support for opposition minor parties. The Right Person Electorate Coalition, led by the National Labour Party (NLP), won several seats in both the State Great Khural and municipal councils. In the 2021 presidential election, the NLP candidate received 21% of the vote, beating the Democratic candidate, who won 9%. The NLP changed its name to the HUN Party in 2022.

Electoral reforms in 2023 allowed minor parties to be more represented in parliament via proportional representation. Consequently, the MPP's supermajority was reduced to a slim majority in the 2024 elections, allowing the DP and three other parties to make up almost half of the now-expanded State Great Khural.^[5] The current ninth legislature of the State Great Khural has been the most politically diverse and the first five-party parliament to be ever convened in Mongolia.^[6]

As of 26 April 2026, there are 38 political parties officially registered by the Supreme Court.^[1][7] However, critics argue that there are no significant ideological differences between the political parties on issues such as economic policies and governance.^[8][9][10]

Current parties

Parties represented in the State Great Khural

Party			Abbr.	Party leader	Position	Ideology	MPs	Provincial & Capital legislators	District & county legislators
		Mongolian People's Party Монгол Ардын Нам Mongol Ardīn Nam	MPP МАН	Nyam-Osoryn Uchral	Centre-left	Social democracy	68 / 126	450 / 796	3,925 / 7,235
		Democratic Party Ардчилсан Нам Ardchilsan Nam	DP АН	Odongiin Tsogtgerel	Centre-right	Mongolian nationalism[11] Liberal conservatism[12] Economic liberalism[13]	42 / 126	338 / 796	3,185 / 7,235
		HUN Party ХҮН Нам KhÜN Nam	HUN ХҮН	Togmidyn Dorjkhand	Centre-right	Liberalism Pragmatism	7 / 126	3 / 796	5 / 7,235
		Civil Will–Green Party Иргэний Зориг–Ногоон Нам Irgenii Zorig–Nogoon Nam	IZNN ИЗНН	Batyn Batbaatar	Centre	Green liberalism	4 / 126	0 / 796	4 / 7,235
		National Coalition Үндэсний Эвсэл Ündesnii Evsel	NC ҮЭ	Nyamtaishiryn Nomtoibayar	Centre to centre-right	Big tent	4 / 126	0 / 796	5 / 7,235

Defunct parties

References

See also

• Politics of Mongolia
• List of political parties by country
• History of modern Mongolia
• Elections in Mongolia