| Ponhea Yat Barom Reachea I | |
|---|---|
_(6993950083).jpg) Stupa containing the ashes of Ponhea Yat. | |
| King of the Khmer Empire | |
| Reign | 1394–1463[1] |
| Predecessor | Ponhea Prek |
| Successor | Himself, as King of Cambodia |
| King of Cambodia | |
| Reign | 1431–1463 |
| Predecessor | Himself, as King of the Khmer Empire |
| Successor | Noreay Reachea |
| Born | c. 1390 Yasodharapura, Khmer Empire (now in Siem Reap, Cambodia) |
| Died | 1463 (aged 72–73) Krong Chaktomuk, Cambodia |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | Sri Sraniem Tevi Kesar |
| Issue | Noreay Reachea Srey Reachea Thommo Reachea |
| Father | Sri Soryovong |
| Religion | Buddhism |
Ponhea Yat (Khmer: ពញាយ៉ាត, UNGEGN: Pônhéa Yat, ALA-LC: Bañā Y″āt [ˌpɔɲiəˈjaːt]; c. 1394 – 1463),[2] also known as Borom Reachea I (Khmer: បរមរាជាទី១, UNGEGN: Bârômôréachéa ti 1, ALA-LC: Paramarājā dī 1 [ˌɓɑrɔmriəˈciə tiː muay]), was the last king of the Khmer Empire and the first Khmer king of the post-Angkor period.
Ponhea Yat complained to the Yongle Emperor in 1408 and 1414 of raids by the Champa King Indravarman VI.[3] He dispatched Kun Si-li Ren-nong-la to visit China.[4]
He was forced to flee Yasodharapura in 1431 as it was indefensible against attack by the Siamese, resettling first in Basan (Srey Santhor), but after it became flooded, fled to Chaktomuk (now part of "Phnom Penh").[5]
In Phnom Penh, the king ordered the land to be built up to protect it from flooding, and a palace to be built. During his reign, he also ordered the construction of six Buddhist monasteries around the city, and his remains are housed in a stupa behind the Wat Phnom.
King Ponhea Yat was succeeded on his death by his first son Noreay Reachea, who reigned until 1469 and who was succeeded in turn by Ponhea Yat's second son, Srey Reachea.
Early life
Early life
Ponhea Yat, the third son of Thommasaok Reachea, succeeded his father and was named "Borom Reachea I" and was crowned king with three concubines. First, Concubine Buppha Devi had a son named Noreay Reamea as her first son. Second, Concubine Sisangam was the sole concubine of the Siamese king Intharachathirat (In), who was defeated by Ponhea Yat in Angkor. Sisangam had two sons named Srei Reachea and Srei Soriyoatey as his second and third sons. Third, Concubine Potumkesar had a son named Dhamma Reachea II as his fourth son. All four of his sons succeeded him, and these four sons divided the Khmer territory into three large parts to rule individually until the outbreak of internal wars and even more so among themselves after Ponhea Yat's father died.[6]
Liberation of Angkor city
Liberation of Angkor city
After Ponhea Yat fled from Angkor, he went to establish a fortress at Toul Bashan in Srei Santor district ( Kampong Cham province ) for three years. He then sent 12 spies to disguise themselves as servants in the Angkor royal palace to secretly assassinate the Siamese king Intharachathirat (In) at that time. After the successful mission to assassinate the Siamese king, Ponhea Yat led an army of approximately 70,000 (70,000 people) to liberate Angkor from the hands of the Siamese. He returned in 1388 AD and proclaimed his second reign, where he was given the title " Preah Barom Reachea ". Seeing that the treasures of Angkor had been collected by the Siamese, Angkor was badly damaged, including the city walls, and there was a lot of money spent on repairs, and in order to avoid further Siamese threats to Angkor, he decided to leave Angkor and move his capital to Toul Basan for 12 years. He also encountered a major flood crisis in the year of Rong, which flooded the capital of Toul Bashan. He also decided to move his capital again to the Chaktomuk area (currently Phnom Penh ) in 1400 AD. He ruled in Chaktomuk for 16 years. He also declared a change of reign to the Chaktomuk era in 1416. of the 1st century BC, and he reigned in the capital city of Chaktomuk until 1432 of the 1st century BC, when he died. At that time, the royal council and cabinet decided to invite Preah Noreay Reamea, the eldest son, to succeed his father in the 1st century BC. During the reign of Ponhea Yat, the people lived in peace, with few notable outbreaks of war.[7]
Politics, diplomacy and religion
Politics, diplomacy and religion
Ponhea Yat's diplomatic policy was to strengthen diplomatic ties with the Chinese kingdom of the Ming Dynasty, especially through trade via the Mekong River to bring in various goods to meet domestic needs. During his reign, it can be said that Cambodia had a strong economy.[8]
Religious
Religious
The development of Mahayana Buddhism by Ponhea Yat , the king built a series of monasteries, including:Wat Botum, Wat Koh, Wat Langka, Wat Ounalom, And Wat Phnom. Buddhist monasteries played an important role in his reign, as they were a repository of knowledge, a library, and a museum of culture. In all periods, monasteries provided education in literature, mathematics, and other knowledge necessary for life. The monasteries were a refuge for poor students who could not afford to study in large schools. The monasteries were a refuge for orphans, the elderly, students, and children of the poor. A monastery can also serve as a hospital for the treatment of mental illness and a place for people of all classes, ages, and backgrounds to gather, regardless of color, nationality, social status, wealth, or religious beliefs.[9][10]
See also
References
- Treng Tha. Khmer History (in Khmer). pp. 106–107.
- Chun, Chanboth (29 July 2014). "ប្រវត្តិព្រះបាទព្ញាយ៉ាតរំដោះក្រុងអង្គរពីសៀម". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- Maspero, G. (2002). The Champa Kingdom. Bangkok: White Lotus Co., Ltd. pp. 114, 218. ISBN 9747534991.
- "Entry - Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu". epress.nus.edu.sg. Archived from the original on 2007-05-21.
- Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 236–237. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
- Eng Soth, Lim Yan (1969) Document of the great Khmer man (Khmer royal genealogy), Publisher: Member of the Historical Committee Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport, OCLC 1112074917
- Société Asiatique (1871) Journal asiatique ou recueil de mémoires, d'extraits et de notices relatifs à l'histoire, à la philosophie, aux sciences, à la littérature et aux langues des peuples orientaux, Volume 99, Publisher: Dondey-Dupré, Original from National Library of the Netherlands
- Justin Corfield (2009) The History of Cambodia The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations, Publisher: ABC-CLIO, American publishing company for academic p.165 ISBN 9780313357237
- Beverley Palmer, Rough Guides (Firm) (2002) The Rough Guide to Cambodia, Publisher: illustrated Rough Guides p.354 ISBN 9781858288376
- Michel Igout (1993) Phnom Penh Then and Now, Publisher: White Lotus, Original from the University of Michigan p.179 ISBN 9781879155183