Robin Boyd (architect)

Robin Boyd CBE, FAIA, FRSA, FAmIA
Hilary Roche House (1954) in Deakin, ACT, is typical of Boyd's post-war Melbourne regional style of architecture: long unbroken roof line, wide eaves, extensive windows.
Born	(1919-01-03)3 January 1919 Armadale, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Died	16 October 1971(1971-10-16) (aged 52) Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Alma mater	RMIT University University of Melbourne
Occupations	Architect writer teacher social commentator
Spouse	Patricia Madder ​ (m. 1941)​ [1]
Parents	Theodore Penleigh Boyd (father) Edith Susan Gerard Anderson (mother)
Awards	RAIA Gold Medal (1969) Fulbright Fellowship (1956) Canberra Medallion (1956) National Award for Enduring Architecture (2006) Sir Roy Grounds Award for Enduring Architecture (1998 & 2022) Maggie Edmond Enduring Architecture Award (2006 & 2015) Jack Cheesman Award for Enduring Architecture (2022)
Practice	A. & K. Henderson Boyd Pethebridge & Bell Grounds, Romberg & Boyd Romberg & Boyd
Buildings	Boyd House II Domain Park Flats Baker House Featherston House
Movement	International Modernist
Employers	University of Melbourne Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Organizations	Australian Institute of Architects American Institute of Architects Royal Society of Arts (UK)
Notable work	Australia's Home (1952) The Australian Ugliness (1960)
Board member of	National Gallery of Victoria National Capital Planning Authority
Military career
Allegiance	Australia
Branch	Army
Service years	1939–1945
Rank	WO2
Unit	Citizens Military Force Australian Imperial Force
Active service	World War II
Website	robinboyd.org.au

Robin Gerard Penleigh Boyd CBE (3 January 1919 – 16 October 1971) was an Australian architect, writer, teacher and social commentator. He, along with Harry Seidler, stands as one of the foremost proponents for the International Modern Movement in Australian architecture. Boyd is the author of the influential book The Australian Ugliness (1960), a critique on Australian architecture, particularly the state of Australian suburbia and its lack of a uniform architectural goal.

Like his American contemporary John Lautner, Boyd had relatively few opportunities to design major buildings and his best known and most influential works as an architect are his numerous and innovative small house designs.^[2]

Background and early life

Robin Boyd was a scion of the Boyd artistic dynasty in Australia, and his extended family included painters, sculptors, architects, writers and others in the arts. Robin was the younger son of the painter Penleigh, and his own son, named after his grandfather Penleigh, is an architect. He was a nephew of author Martin and a first cousin of Australian painter Arthur and his brothers David and Guy. In 1938 his grandfather Arthur Merric Boyd offered him his first commission, a studio for Arthur Boyd on the Boyd property, Open Country, at Murrumbeena.^[3] A further cousin was Joan à Beckett Weigall, Lady Lindsay (author of Picnic at Hanging Rock). She married Sir Daryl Lindsay, director of the National Gallery of Victoria, brother to artists Norman Lindsay and Sir Lionel Lindsay.

Robin Boyd's Queensland-born mother, Edith, was herself a skilled painter who also came from a prominent family. Her father, John Gerard Anderson, had been director of the Queensland Department of Public Instruction, her brother Arthur was a well-known physician, and her eldest sister Maud was of one of the first women to graduate with an Arts degree from the University of Sydney and is thought to have been Queensland's first female university graduate.^[4]: 10

Robin Boyd and his elder brother Pat spent their early childhood at 'The Robins', the family home and studio that his father had built on land he purchased at Warrandyte, near Melbourne but in 1922 Penleigh sold 'The Robins' and moved his family to Sydney. Soon after arriving, he was enlisted by Sydney Ure Smith as one of the organisers of a major exhibition of contemporary European art. Penleigh took his family with him to England late in the year to pick paintings; he returned to Sydney without them in June 1923 to set up the exhibition, which was staged in Sydney and Melbourne during July–August. During his wife's absence Penleigh had a brief affair with another woman but shortly before his family returned from England he bought back 'The Robins' and purchased a new car.^[3]

Edith, Pat and Robin returned to Australia on 23 November 1923, but Penleigh and Edith had a heated argument soon after the homecoming. A few days later, for reasons unknown, Penleigh left Melbourne to drive to Sydney in the company of another person, but he lost control of the vehicle on a sharp bend near Warragul and it overturned. The passenger survived but Penleigh suffered terrible injuries and died at the scene within minutes.^{[4]: 19–20} The proceeds of Penleigh's estate—including the sale of 'The Robins', the repaired car and about 40 paintings, plus an annual allowance from Penleigh's father, and a small inheritance from her own father—enabled Edith Boyd to support her sons without needing to work, even during the depths of the Depression.^[4]: 21

After Penleigh's death Edith and the boys lived for a time in rented premises in Toorak and Robin's first two years of schooling were at Glamorgan Preparatory School.^[5] Edith bought a modest house in East Malvern in 1927, when Robin was enrolled at the nearby Lloyd Street State School. As a schoolboy he read widely and became a fan of films and jazz music. In 1930 he moved on to the Malvern Church of England Grammar School, where he completed his schooling. He sat for his Leaving Certificate in 1934 and although he failed one subject (Commercial Principles) at the first attempt, he passed that the following year. He had evidently decided quite early on architecture as his chosen career so his mother arranged for him to be articled to leading Melbourne architect Kingsley Henderson.^{[4]: 21–34} Enlisted into the Australian Army in 1939, Boyd served in Papua New Guinea during World War II, rose to the acting rank of warrant officer, class 2, and resumed his architectural career in 1945.^[3]

Architectural career

Boyd first came to notice in the late 1940s for his promotion of inexpensive, functional, partially prefabricated homes incorporating modernist aesthetics. Most of his architectural output was residential, although he also designed some larger buildings including the Domain Park residential tower block and the John Batman Motor Inn in Melbourne and the Australian headquarters of the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust in Canberra, on which he was working at the time of his death.

Boyd was the first Director of the Royal Victorian Institute of Architects (RVIA) Small Homes Service from 1947 to 1953 and, for many years from 1948, he was the editor of this service for The Age newspaper, for which he also wrote weekly articles. The Small Homes Service provided designs of inexpensive houses, which attempted to incorporate modern architectural aesthetics and functional planning and were sold to the public for a small fee, and through this work Boyd became a household name in Victoria.^[6]

In 1948 Boyd was the recipient of the RVIA Robert and Ada Haddon Travelling Scholarship.^[7] The scholarship gave Boyd his first opportunity to travel through Europe which would have a profound influence on his later work.^[8]

In 1953 he formed a partnership with Frederick Romberg (1910–1992) and Roy Grounds (1905–1981); their influential Melbourne firm became a significant force in Australian architecture and through the 1950s and 1960s Boyd developed a number of important houses in the regional style, including a 1952 Canberra house for Australian historian Manning Clark.

Boyd was a prolific architect, with over 200 designs to his credit in his relatively short career.^[9] He was the sole designer of most of these projects although a number of early commissions were jointly designed with his unofficial partners Kevin Pethebridge and Frank Bell (1945–47) and others were jointly designed with his partners Grounds and Romberg (1953–62). After the acrimonious departure of Grounds from the practice in 1962, Romberg continued in partnership with Boyd until the latter's death.

Boyd was equally prolific and influential as a writer, commentator, educator and public speaker, vehemently supporting modernism in his The Australian Ugliness (1960) with a condemnation of visual pollution and vulgar 'featurism'. His work was documented and promoted by photographers Mark Strizic^[2] and Wolfgang Sievers, then the most prominent in their field. For many years from 1947 he was director of The Age Small Homes Service and influenced many people with his popular weekly articles on the subject. He was also lecturer in architecture at the University of Melbourne, and in 1956-57, as part of his Fulbright fellowship, he took up a teaching position at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston offered by Walter Gropius,^[3] a friend of Boyd's and a director at MIT.

In 1958 Boyd wrote the liner notes for satirist Barry Humphries' first commercial recording, a 7-inch (18 cm) EP, Wild Life in Suburbia (1958).

Boyd wrote nine books. His groundbreaking Australia's Home (1952) was the first substantial historical survey of Australian domestic architecture, and his best-known and most influential work, The Australian Ugliness (1960) was a popular and outspoken criticism of prevailing establishment tastes in architecture and in popular culture.^[a] Boyd was a dogged critic of the decorative tendency that he dubbed "Featurism", which he described as:

... not simply a decorative technique, it starts in concepts and extends upwards through the parts of the numerous trimmings. It may be defined as the subordination of the essential whole and the accentuation of selected separate features.^[10]

In 1967 Boyd presented the Boyer Lectures, which were broadcast nationally on ABC Radio. He delivered five lectures on a variety of topics and issues relating to Australia, architecture and design and prevailing cultural values of the time, under the series title Artificial Australia.^[11]

Recognition

The Australian Institute of Architects awarded Boyd with its Gold Medal in 1969;^[12] and he was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1970. Between 1972 and 1981 the Victorian Chapter of the Institute awarded the Robin Boyd Environmental Award, with bronze medals and citations awarded to a range of social, environmental and planning initiatives. In 1981, the Institute honoured Boyd by establishing the Robin Boyd Award for New Residential Architecture as their leading national prize, presented annually.

On 12 June 1971 Boyd was appointed a Commander of the British Empire (CBE) in recognition of service to architecture and the government.^[13]

In 1973, Boyd was posthumously named recipient of the American Institute of Architects' architecture critics' medal; and he was a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.^[3]

Death and legacy

Boyd travelled overseas in April–May 1971, when he contracted an infection and on his return to Australia his doctor detected a heart murmur. In early July his condition worsened and he was admitted to St Andrew's Hospital (now the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre) in Melbourne; he was diagnosed with interstitial pneumonia, told that the infection had settled in one of his heart valves and administered massive six-hourly doses of ampicillin. He recovered somewhat and struggled on through August–September, maintaining his usual heavy work schedule, but in early October his condition deteriorated again and he was admitted to the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Doctors puzzled over a diagnosis but eventually decided to extract all his teeth under full anaesthetic, believing the infection had settled there. He suffered a stroke while recovering from the operation, and although he briefly rallied enough to recognise his wife Patricia, he died three days later on 16 October 1971, aged 52.^{[4]: 316–319}

In 2005, the not-for-profit Robin Boyd Foundation was established by a group including Boyd's family, the Australian Institute of Architects (Victoria Chapter), the faculties of architecture at the University of Melbourne, Deakin University and RMIT University, and others with expertise, interest and commitment to the advancement of design. Their website lists the Foundation's aims, which are to deepen understanding of the benefits of design through design awareness, design literacy and design advocacy. The Hon. Gough Whitlam was the founding patron of the Foundation. From 17 August to 2 October 2011, the Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery displayed all of the houses that Boyd had created for the Mornington Peninsula region.

The centenary of Boyd's birth in 2019 was marked by "the thirty-year anniversary of a two-day event comprising a public symposium, exhibition, publications and building tour dedicated to Robin Boyd." A special issue of the RMIT Design Archives Journal was produced to mark these two anniversaries entitled: "Robin Boyd Redux".^[14]

Major completed projects

Project name	Image	Year completed	Location	State	Notes
Arthur Boyd Studio		1938	8 Wahroonga Crescent, Murrumbeena	Vic	Pulled down in 1964 when Boyd family property sold for urban development[15]
Edith Boyd House		1939	Burwood	Vic
Boyd House I		1947	158 Riversdale Road, Camberwell	Vic
J. H. White House		1948	31 Mundy Street, Mentone	Vic
Alan Brown House I		1949	Toorak Road, Malvern	Vic
Don Wood House		1949	12–14 Tannock Street, Balwyn North	Vic	[16]
Dunstan House		1949	17 Yandilla Street, Balwyn	Vic	[17]
Manning Clark House		1952	11 Tasmania Circle, Forrest	ACT	Sir Roy Grounds Award for Enduring Architecture, 2022[18][19]
Gillison House		1952	43 Kireep Road, Balwyn	Vic	[20][21]
Fenner House		1953	8 Monaro Crescent, Red Hill	ACT	Canberra Medallion, 1956
Hilary Roche House		1954	4 Bedford Street, Deakin	ACT	[22]
Richardson House		1954	10 Blackfriars Close, Toorak	Vic	Largely rebuilt, maintaining exterior appearance, c. 2000. Added to local heritage list by the City of Stonnington[23]
Igloo supermarket and residence		1954	Cnr Cleveland and High Street roads, Ashwood	Vic	Added to the Victorian Heritage Register on 20 November 1997[24]
Date House		1956	Studley Park, Kew	Vic
Walkley House		1956	26-27 Palmer Place, North Adelaide	SA	Jack Cheesman Award for Enduring Architecture, 2022
Haughton James House		1957	82 Molesworth Street, Kew	Vic	Added to a non-statutory heritage list by the Victorian branch of the National Trust[25]
Winter-Irving House		1957	Lake Colac	Vic
Walsh Street House		1959	290 Walsh Street, South Yarra	Vic	Maggie Edmond Enduring Architecture Award, 2006 National Award for Enduring Architecture, 2006
Clemson House		1960	24 Milfay Avenue, Kew	Vic	Added to the Victorian Heritage Register on 14 November 2002[26]
Vasey Crescent houses		1960	42, 44 & 46 Vasey Crescent, Campbell	ACT	Grounds, Romberg & Boyd: Sir Roy Grounds Award for Enduring Architecture, 1998
Handfield House		1960	Eltham	Vic
Black Dolphin Motel		1961	8 Arthur Kaine Drive, Merimbula	NSW
Holy Trinity Lutheran National Memorial Church[b]		1961	22 Watson Street, Turner	ACT	Grounds, Romberg & Boyd: added to the ACT Heritage Register on 14 October 2008[27]
St George's Anglican Church		1962	47–51 Warncliffe Road, Ivanhoe East	Vic	with Frederick Romberg
Domain Park Flats		1962	Melbourne	Vic	Maggie Edmond Enduring Architecture Award, 2015
Verge House		1964	204 Monaro Crescent, Red Hill	ACT	[28][29]
Baker House		1966	305–307 Long Forest Road, Long Forest (Bacchus Marsh)	Vic	[30]
Lawrence House and Flats		1966	13 Studley Avenue, Kew	Vic	Added to a non-statutory list by the Victorian branch of the National Trust[31]
Lyons House		1967	733 Port Hacking Road, Dolans Bay	NSW	[32][33][34]
John Batman Motor Inn		1968	69 Queens Road, Melbourne	Vic
Eltringham House		1969	12 Marawa Place, Aranda	ACT
McClune House		1969	Marcus Road, Frankston	Vic
Featherston House		1969	Ivanhoe	Vic
Churchill House[c]		1972	218 Northbourne Avenue, Braddon	ACT	with Romberg; completed by Neil Clerehan[35]

See also

• Robin Boyd Award
• Boyd family

Notes

References

Further reading

• Baracco, Mauro; Wright, Louise (2017). Robin Boyd: Spatial Continuity. Melbourne: Routledge. ISBN 9781472478436.
  • Discussion: Robin Boyd: Spatial Continuity by Mauro Baracco and Louise Wright, published by Routledge. . . Review, Janina Gosseye, ARCHICTUREAU, 2 Nov 2017.
• "Robin Boyd REDUX". Rmit Design Archives Journal. 9 (2). RMIT Design Archives. 2019. ISSN 1838-7314. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  • "Robin Boyd REDUX" (PDF). Rmit Design Archives Journal. Vol. 9, no. 2. RMIT Design Archives. 2019. ISSN 1838-7314. Retrieved 14 August 2020.

External links

• "Home page". Robin Boyd Foundation.
• Navarro, Ursula; Reddaway, Chris. "2: Practice Profiles - Robin Boyd". Modern In Melbourne. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011 – via RMIT.
• The Architecture of Robin Boyd (Flickr photo group; contains images). Flickr.com.
• "Blog home page" (blog). Boyd Homes Group.
• "Post War Australia - Boyd's Featurism" – via alphalink.com.au.
• "Frederick Romberg and Robin Boyd Collection". RMIT Design Archives – via Research Data Australia.