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Wage Labour and Capital
AuthorKarl Marx
Original titleLohnarbeit und Kapital
TranslatorJ.L. Joynes
LanguageGerman
GenreMarxist theory, Marxist economics
PublisherNeue Rheinische Zeitung
Publication date1849
Publication placeGermany
Published in English
1886 (London: The Modern Press)
TextWage Labour and Capital at Wikisource

"Wage Labour and Capital" (German: Lohnarbeit und Kapital) is the text of the 1847 lectures by the political economist and philosopher Karl Marx, first published as five articles in the Neue Rheinische Zeitung in April 1849. It was later republished in different forms and many languages as a pamphlet or booklet. It is said to consist important future arguments concerning the relation between labour and capital in his major work Das Kapital (1867) in an embryonic form.[1]

This text is sometimes paired with Marx's 1865 lecture Value, Price and Profit.[2]

Background

Marx started studying political economy intensively between 1843 and 1847 in Paris and Brussels.[3] Evidence of this bear his unpublished Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 (eventually published in the early 1930s after his death) and Misère de la Philosophie (The Poverty of Philosophy), published in French in 1847.

An important input to his economic studies was given by Friedrich Engels, who published in 1844 "Umrisse zu einer Kritik der Nationalökonomie" (Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy) in the Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher (German-French annals) and in 1845 Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England (The Condition of the Working Class in England).

In some biographies Wage-Labour and Capital is only shortly mentioned, wedged between the German Ideology of 1847 and the Communist Manifesto of 1848. But the text marks an interesting point in the development of fundamental concepts of marxist economic theory. Marx stated for the first time his thoughts about the relative pauperisation of the proletariat, and he sketches the outlines of the theory of the reserve army of workers.[4] Mehring. in his Karl Marx. Geschichte seines Leben (Karl Marx: The Story of His Life; 1918), gives an important role to the lectures on wage-labour and capital that were delivered by Marx to the German Workingmen's Club[5] in Brussels in 1847.


See also: Mehring 1918, p. 144……………...

Editions

Roughly spoken, two periods of publication of the (German) text, and subsequent translations in English, can be distinguished:

Neue Rheinische Zeitung nr. 264 (5 April 1849) with the first part of 'Lohnarbeit und Kapital' (under de head 'Deutschland')

1849-1886

  • It all starts with the original publication of five articles (in German) in the Neue Rheinische Zeitung nrs 264, 265, 266, 267 and 269 of 5, 6, 7, 8 and 11 April 1849.[6]
    • For a nice edition see: Bibliotheca Augustana.[7]
    • For a facsimile of the journal see Deutsches Textarchiv (German digital text archive).[8]
  • the first publications as a brochure (in German), based on the articles in Neue Rheinische Zeitung dates from 1881[9]
    • next: 1884: Höttingen-Zürich : Schweizerische Genossenschaftsbuchdr.

https://search.worldcat.org/nl/title/27880118 and https://search.worldcat.org/nl/title/23794938


English translation by J.L. Joynes: in ws nog maken!!!! bijv. s:en:Wage-Labour and Capital (1886) 1886: London : The Modern Press "new and cheaper edition" ← this suggests that an earlier (more expensive) edition exists!


1891 and later

edited by Engels

  • first German edition published in Berlin with the title Lohnarbeit und Kapital. Separat-Abdruck aus der 'Neuen Rheinischen Zeitung' vom Jahre 1849. Mit einer Einleitung von Friedrich Engels.

(Wage-labour and capital. etc…. [10]


    • English translation in marxists.org (the Marxists Internet Archive) is based on the 1891 pamphlet edition.[11]
    • Editions in marxists.org in other languages…...

En bijv. 1897: Marx, Karl, 1818-1883 and Joynes, James Leigh., “Wage-labour and capital.,” UHM Library Digital Image Collections, accessed May 21, 2025, https://digital.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/items/show/3879

deze is volgens mij ook Joynes ← check London: Lawrence and Wishart reprints 1933, 35, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42: https://michaelharrison.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Wage-Labour-and-Capital-Karl-Marx-Lawrence-and-Wishart-London-1942.pdf via https://michaelharrison.org.uk/2022/04/karl-marx-pamphlets-books-and-commentaries/ (lokaal opgeslagen)

1902: transl. Harriet E. Lothrop in ws / commons (contains also "Free Trade")

1925: transl. Florence Baldwin Marx, Karl, and Florence Baldwin. Wage-Labour and Capital. Published by the Communist Party of Great Britain, 1925. OCLC 914911783 en https://library.fes.de/opac/id/495590

1933: New York : International Publishers reprinted 1969: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001887726 dit is ook de vertaling van Joynes ← check


Canadian edition [1919?]: Vancouver : The Whitehead Estate. (transl. J.L. Joynes) https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.79158/11 with Appendix by Engels ← check

An edition titled Wages and Capital also exists. 1893: Glasgow : Labour Literature Society. (transl. J.L. Joynes) https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100182129


Summary


"Free trade"

lecture by Marx of jan 48 see Mehring (en) p. 143/-144 and translated in English and published in


https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006853357


see also: https://wikirouge.net/texts/en/Collection:On_the_Question_of_Free_Trade_(Marx-Engels)


Sources

Footnotes

  1. Tucker (1972), p=167: "... it may be said that what Marx produced in the lectures of late 1847 was the future argument of Capital in embryo."
  2. See for the paired edition of Wage-Labour and Capital and Value, Price and Profit for instance: 1935: OCLC 8652386
  3. Musto, Marcello (2010). "The Formation of Marx's Critique of Political Economy: From the Studies of 1843 to the Grundrisse" (PDF). Socialism and Democracy. 24 (2): 66–100. doi:10.1080/08854300.2010.481445. It is remarkable that Musto does not mention the lectures on Wage-Labour and Capital of 1847.
  4. McLellan, David (1971). The Thought of Karl Marx : An Introduction. pp. 48–49. ISBN 9780333117101. Isaiah Berlin, in his Karl Marx: His Life and Environment (1939), does not mention Wage-Labour and Capital at all.
  5. intro (by Engels), transl. Lothrop 1902. German: "Brüsseler deutschen Arbeiterverein" (Engels in MEW6, p. 593) Mehring (in English translation) writes: German Workers Association.
  6. MEW 6, endnote 372.
  7. "Lohnarbeit und Kapital". Bibliotheca Augustana (in German). Archived from the original on 2024-05-26. Retrieved 2025-07-10.
  8. "Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Nr. 264. Köln, 5. April 1849". www.deutschestextarchiv.de (in German). Archived from the original on 2024-08-10. Retrieved 2025-07-10. (With the text of Wage Labour and Capital not availabe due to "copyright reasons"). For other parts see "Digitalisierung „Neue Rheinische Zeitung"". Deutsches Textarchiv (in German). Archived from the original on 2025-06-09. Retrieved 2025-07-10.
  9. Marx, Karl (1881). Lohnarbeit und Kapital. Breslau: Schlesische Volksbuchhandlung. OCLC 82866972. ([https://search.iisg.amsterdam/Record/698364 cover image in low quality)
  10. MEW6, endnote 372 Joynes in ws
      • in the "MEW" (Marx-Engels-Werke) Lohnarbeit und Kapital can be found in volume 6, pages 397-423. This edition is based…….<ref name=mew6>"MEW Band 6" (PDF). marx-wirklich-studieren (in German). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2025-03-19. Retrieved 2025-07-10.
  11. "Articles by Marx & Engels in Neue Rheinische Zeitung". marxists.org. 2000.

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