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Mathematics

A tetrahedron can be placed in 12 distinct positions by rotation alone. These are illustrated above in the cycle graph format, along with the 180° edge (blue arrows) and 120° vertex (reddish arrows) rotations that permute the tetrahedron through the positions. The 12 rotations form the rotation (symmetry) group of the figure.


Science

Julian Voss-Andreae:
Heart of Steel (Hemoglobin) (2005)


Quantum Man
Molecular diffusion/Diffusion is an example of the law of large numbers, applied to chemistry. Initially, there are solute molecules on the left side of a barrier (purple line) and none on the right. The barrier is removed, and the solute diffuses to fill the whole container. Top: With a single molecule, the motion appears to be quite random. Middle: With more molecules, there is clearly a trend where the solute fills the container more and more uniformly, but there are also random fluctuations. Bottom: With an enormous number of solute molecules (too many to see), the randomness is essentially gone: The solute appears to move smoothly and systematically from high-concentration areas to low-concentration areas.


Racetrack in Conway's Game of Life. Legend: * Green structure : Gun * Yellow structure : Glider * Red structure : Spaceship * Violet structure : Reflector * Blue structure : Eaters (both as still lives and oscillators) and others still lives.


If there is no nonlinearity (purple), all the amplitude in a mode will stay in that mode. If a quadratic nonlinearity is introduced in the elastic chain, energy can spread among all the mode, but if you wait long enough (two minutes, in this animation), you will see all the amplitude coming back in the original mode.
In any linear system energy in a mode stays in that mode. As such a linear system can never thermalize. The presence of a nonlinearity allows for the energy to move from mode to mode, but it was realized in the mid '50s that this is not enough to guarantee thermalization. In fact an elastic chain (which is a crude but effective model of a crystal) with a small quadratic extra term initially distributes the energy among its modes, but if you wait long enough you will see all the energy going back to the original mode, showing that the system is not ergodic and can not thermalize.


Kelvin13

c:User:Kelvin13/Portfolio


Sun poster
A more complete and sophisticated moon diagram
Poster showing the structure and features of europa.
Diagram of the internal structure of Ganymede.
C4 photosynthesis is really complicated. Microscope picture is my own work.


Biology

Kunstformen der Natur: book of lithographic and autotype prints by German biologist Ernst Haeckel.

Geography

Cantino planisphere (or Cantino World Map) is the earliest surviving map showing Portuguese geographic discoveries in the east and west.


Stylized world map in the shape of a clover-leaf (the three classical continents of Europe, Asia, Africa), with Jerusalem at the center, with additional indication of Great Britain, Scandinavia and America / the New World.


Abraham Ortelius (Ortels, Orthellius, Wortels; 1527.04.4 or 14 – 1598.06.28): Brabantian cartographer, geographer, and cosmographer, conventionally recognized as the creator of the first modern atlas, the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Theatre of the World).
Theatrum Orbis Terrarum
Ortelius World Map Typvs Orbis Terrarvm, 1570.


Art

The Great Wave off Kanagawa (Literally: "Under a Wave off Kanagawa"), by Katsushika Hokusai.


Tōkaidō Shinagawa Goten'yama no Fuji, Goten-yama hill, Shinagawa on the Tōkaidō, by Katsushika Hokusai.


Ejiri in Suruga Province, by Katsushika Hokusai.


Zhao Mengfu (1254–1322), Autumn colors on the Qiao and Hua mountains (left half, cropped)


H. R. Giger's Birth Machine sculpture in Gruyères, Switzerland


History

Baltics in the 13th century (German map)


Cartoon map showing the political situation in Europe in 1877.


The Avenger: An Allegorical War Map for 1877. This map reflects the "Great Eastern Crisis" and the subsequent Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78.


The Apotheosis of War: Vereshchagin dedicated his work "to all great conquerors, past, present and to come". Done in oil on canvas, the painting depicts a pile of skulls outside the walls of a city in Central Asia.
Vasily Vereshchagin, 1871


Politics

European Council Council of the European Union European Parliament
Provides impetus and direction Legislative Legislative
Members of the European Council 2011
Council of the EU and European Council meeting room in the Europa building
European Parliament
Based in Brussels, Belgium. Based in Brussels, Belgium. Meets in Luxembourg, Luxembourg for the months of April, June and October. Meets in Strasbourg, France and Brussels, Belgium. Secretariat based in Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
  • composed of twenty-seven national ministers (one per state)
  • formally known as "the Council"; informally known as the "Council of Ministers"
  • acts together with the Parliament as a legislature
  • shares with the Parliament the budgetary power
  • ensures coordination of the broad economic and social policy and sets out guidelines for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
  • concludes international agreements
  • acts together with the Council (of the European Union) as a legislature
  • shares with the Council (of the European Union) the budgetary power
  • exerts the democratic control over the institutions including the European Commission and approves the Commission members
European Commission Court of Justice of the European Union European Central Bank
Executive Judicial Central bank
European Commission building
ECJ room
European Central Bank
Based in Brussels, Belgium. Various departments and services hosted in Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Based in Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Based in Frankfurt, Germany.
  • ensures the uniform application and interpretation of European law
  • has the power to decide legal disputes between member states, the institutions, businesses and individuals
European Court of Auditors
Auditory
ECA building
Based in Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
  • checks the proper implementation of the budget
Competences of the European Union in relation to those of its member states[2]
Exclusive competence
Shared competence
Supporting competence
The Union has exclusive competence to make directives and conclude international agreements when provided for in a Union legislative act as to …
Member States cannot exercise competence in areas where the Union has done so, that is …
Union exercise of competence shall not result in Member States being prevented from exercising theirs in …
  • research, technological development and (outer) space
  • development cooperation, humanitarian aid
The Union coordinates Member States policies or implements supplemental to their common policies not covered elsewhere in …
The Union can carry out actions to support, coordinate or supplement Member States' actions in …
  • the protection and improvement of human health
  • industry
  • culture
  • tourism
  • education, youth, sport and vocational training
  • civil protection (disaster prevention)
  • administrative cooperation