William Harden

Colonel William Harden was an American military officer and politician who served in the American Revolutionary War, notably commanding the Capture of Fort Balfour.^[1]

Early Life

Harden was born on November 8, 1743, in Prince William’s Parish, South Carolina, the son of William Harden and Mary Eberson. A landed planter, he entered military service in the militia of colonial Granville County, South Carolina and rose to the rank of captain prior to the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War.

Military Career

On June 17, 1775, Harden was elected captain of the Beaufort Volunteer Artillery Company, which was incorporated into the Fourth South Carolina Regiment of the Continental Line in January 1776. He was appointed to command Fort Lyttelton near Beaufort, a post he held until April 1777. In the spring of 1779, Harden was promoted to colonel and given command of the Regiment of Upper Granville County.^[2]

In May 1780, Harden was captured during the Siege of Charleston and paroled to his plantation near Beaufort, South Carolina. He soon ignored his parole and began recruiting a partisan force in the Combahee River region. In late 1780, he joined forces under Francis Marion and conducted operations against British forces south of Charleston.

In April 1781, Harden’s troops captured a Loyalist captain and twenty-five men at Four Holes and subsequently forced the surrender of a Loyalist post at Red Hill. His force experienced a setback at Saltketcher Bridge against Colonel Thomas Fenwick but later captured Fort Balfour after negotiating the surrender of Fenwick outside the fort, taking control of the only major British fortification between Charleston and the Savannah River without firing a shot.^[3]

Although Harden was recognized for his bravery, his command style drew criticism. Governor John Rutledge described him as “a very worthy brave Man” but not a disciplinarian, allowing his men to “do as they please.” Rutledge later appointed John Barnwell (senator) as brigadier general of the newly created southern militia brigade, leading Harden to resign his commission in November 1781.^[4]

Political Career & Death

Harden first served as a member of the South Carolina Provincial Congress between 1775 and 1776. He later served as a State Senator to the South Carolina Senate from 1782, until his death in 1785 at the age of 42.^[5]

References